Overview
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium predominantly found in the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. It is a key player in periodontal diseases and has been increasingly studied for its association with systemic conditions, including colorectal cancer. The bacterium exhibits unique adhesive properties, enabling it to co-aggregate with other oral bacteria, which contributes to biofilm formation and disease progression. Research on Fusobacterium nucleatum has expanded due to its potential role in carcinogenesis, particularly in colorectal cancer. Its ability to invade epithelial cells and modulate immune responses makes it a significant subject in microbiological and oncological studies. The bacterium is also used in vaccine development and as a model organism for studying host-pathogen interactions.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium that thrives in anaerobic conditions. It lacks flagella and spores, and its cell wall structure is typical of Gram-negative bacteria, containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that contribute to its pathogenicity. The bacterium produces various virulence factors, including adhesins and proteases, which facilitate its colonization and invasion of host tissues. Under laboratory conditions, Fusobacterium nucleatum is cultured on specialized anaerobic media such as blood agar or brain heart infusion (BHI) agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K. Optimal growth occurs at 37°C, resembling human body temperature. The bacterium's resistance to oxygen makes it challenging to handle, requiring strict anaerobic environments for cultivation and experimentation.
Main Applications
Fusobacterium nucleatum is primarily used in microbiological and medical research, particularly in studies related to periodontal diseases and colorectal cancer. Its role in biofilm formation and immune modulation makes it a valuable model for understanding polymicrobial infections and host-pathogen interactions. Researchers also investigate its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In addition to research, Fusobacterium nucleatum is employed in vaccine development, aiming to target its virulence factors to prevent or treat associated diseases. The bacterium's unique properties are leveraged in studying microbial ecology, antibiotic resistance, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Its applications extend to biotechnology, where it is used to produce enzymes and other bioactive compounds.
Safety and Storage
Due to its pathogenic potential, Fusobacterium nucleatum must be handled under Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) conditions. Laboratory personnel should use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, lab coats, and face shields, to minimize exposure. Proper disposal of contaminated materials and decontamination of work surfaces are essential to prevent accidental infections. For long-term preservation, Fusobacterium nucleatum strains are typically stored at -80°C in glycerol stocks or as lyophilized cultures. Lyophilization ensures stability and viability for extended periods, while glycerol stocks are suitable for frequent use. Transport of live cultures requires adherence to international shipping regulations for pathogenic microorganisms, including proper labeling and packaging to prevent leakage or exposure.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Fusobacterium nucleatum for research or industrial applications, buyers should prioritize strain authenticity and documentation. Reputable suppliers provide certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing the strain's origin, growth conditions, and pathogenicity. It is advisable to request genomic sequencing data or other verification methods to ensure the strain's identity and purity. Pricing varies depending on the strain type, quantity, and supplier. Research-grade strains typically range from $200 to $500 per vial, while customized or high-purity strains may command higher prices. Buyers should also consider logistical factors, such as shipping conditions and lead times, to ensure the bacterium's viability upon arrival. Establishing relationships with trusted suppliers and verifying their compliance with regulatory standards is crucial for consistent quality and reliability.
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