Overview
Fused quartz, also known as fused silica, is a non-crystalline form of silicon dioxide (SiO2) produced by melting high-purity quartz crystals at extremely high temperatures. Unlike naturally occurring quartz, fused quartz has no grain boundaries, resulting in superior optical clarity and thermal stability. It is valued for its unique combination of properties, including near-zero thermal expansion, high resistance to thermal shock, and excellent transmission of ultraviolet light. These characteristics make it indispensable in industries requiring precision and reliability under extreme conditions.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Fused quartz exhibits remarkable thermal properties, with a melting point of approximately 1700°C and a coefficient of thermal expansion about 1/20th that of ordinary glass. Its transparency ranges from deep UV to near-infrared wavelengths, making it ideal for optical applications. Chemically, it is highly inert, resisting attack by most acids except hydrofluoric acid. Its electrical insulation properties remain stable even at high temperatures, and its low dielectric constant is advantageous for semiconductor manufacturing.
Main Applications
In the semiconductor industry, fused quartz is used for wafer carriers, furnace tubes, and photomask substrates due to its purity and thermal stability. Optical applications include lenses, prisms, and windows for UV lithography and laser systems. The material is also critical in aerospace for sensor windows and in lighting for high-intensity discharge lamp envelopes. Its chemical inertness makes it suitable for laboratoryware in corrosive environments, while its thermal properties benefit high-temperature viewing ports in industrial furnaces.
Safety and Storage
While fused quartz is non-toxic, precautions are necessary during handling. Cutting or grinding generates fine silica dust, requiring proper ventilation or respiratory protection. Edges can be sharp, necessitating protective gloves. Storage should protect the material from physical impact and contamination. For optical-grade pieces, cleanroom conditions may be required. Temperature fluctuations during storage typically pose no risk due to the material's thermal shock resistance.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: optical transmission range for optical applications, OH content (affects UV performance), bubble and inclusion levels, and dimensional tolerances. Thermal properties like maximum working temperature and thermal expansion coefficient are critical for high-temperature uses. Suppliers typically offer standard forms (rods, tubes, plates) but can provide custom machining. Lead times for specialized items may extend to several weeks. Pricing tiers reflect purity levels, with semiconductor-grade material commanding premium prices.
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