Overview
Fluorinated graphene is a two-dimensional material derived from graphene through covalent bonding of fluorine atoms to its carbon lattice. This modification dramatically alters graphene's properties, transforming it from a conductor to an insulator while maintaining exceptional thermal stability. The degree of fluorination (C:F ratio) can be controlled during synthesis, allowing for tunable material properties. First synthesized in the early 2010s, fluorinated graphene has gained attention for its combination of graphene's structural advantages with fluorine's electronegativity. Unlike graphite fluoride (a bulk material known since the 1930s), fluorinated graphene maintains single or few-layer morphology, offering superior surface area and more uniform property distribution.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The material exhibits a unique combination of properties: high thermal stability (stable up to 400°C in inert atmospheres), excellent electrical insulation (resistivity >1012 Ω·cm), and remarkable chemical inertness. The C-F bonds create a strongly hydrophobic surface with water contact angles typically exceeding 120°, making it useful for moisture-resistant applications. Mechanically, fluorinated graphene maintains graphene's high strength but becomes more brittle. The degree of fluorination affects these properties significantly - partial fluorination can create materials with semiconducting properties, while fully fluorinated versions are complete insulators. Unlike graphene oxide, fluorinated graphene shows excellent stability against reduction under normal conditions.
Main Applications
In energy storage, fluorinated graphene serves as a high-capacity cathode material for primary lithium batteries, offering theoretical capacities up to 865 mAh/g. Its combination of conductivity (when partially fluorinated) and stability makes it valuable for lithium-ion battery components. The material's ultra-low friction coefficient (μ<0.1) has enabled advanced solid lubricant formulations, particularly in high-temperature or vacuum environments where liquid lubricants fail. Additionally, its chemical inertness and hydrophobicity make it ideal for protective coatings in corrosive environments, with applications ranging from marine equipment to electronic encapsulation.
Safety and Storage
While generally stable, fluorinated graphene requires careful handling due to potential HF generation at elevated temperatures (>300°C). Storage should be in sealed containers under inert gas or vacuum to prevent moisture absorption, which can gradually degrade material properties. Processing should occur in well-ventilated areas with appropriate dust collection, as fine powder may cause respiratory irritation. Personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles and particulate respirators (for powder handling) is recommended. Thermal processing above 200°C should be conducted with proper fume extraction due to possible decomposition products.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing fluorinated graphene, clearly specify required parameters: fluorination degree (typically expressed as C:F ratio), number of layers (single-layer vs. few-layer), and specific surface area. For research quantities, expect lead times of 2-4 weeks from specialty chemical suppliers. For industrial procurement, consider production capacity and batch-to-batch consistency. Some manufacturers offer customized fluorination levels for specific applications. Pricing varies significantly based on purity and specifications - industrial-grade material for lubricant applications typically costs less than high-purity material for battery applications. Request certificates of analysis for fluorine content and residual reactants.
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