Overview
FC-PEG-MAL/NH2 is a heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative designed for controlled bioconjugation. The maleimide (MAL) group reacts selectively with thiols (e.g., cysteine residues in proteins), while the amine (NH2) enables further modifications via carbodiimide chemistry or NHS ester reactions. PEG spacers enhance solubility, reduce immunogenicity, and improve pharmacokinetics in therapeutic applications. This compound is pivotal in ADC development, where it links cytotoxic drugs to monoclonal antibodies. Its modular design also supports surface functionalization of nanoparticles and hydrogels. Suppliers typically offer varying PEG chain lengths (e.g., 1kDa, 3.4kDa) to tailor hydrodynamic size and steric effects.
Physical and Chemical Properties
FC-PEG-MAL/NH2 exhibits water solubility due to its PEG backbone, with solubility decreasing as molecular weight increases. The maleimide group is stable at pH 6.5-7.5 but hydrolyzes under acidic or alkaline conditions. Amine reactivity requires anhydrous storage to prevent degradation. The compound’s melting point correlates with PEG chain crystallinity, typically ranging 50-60°C. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirms its hydrodynamic radius, critical for applications like stealth liposomes. FTIR and NMR validate end-group functionality, while HPLC assesses purity (>95% for most biomedical uses).
Main Applications
In drug delivery, FC-PEG-MAL/NH2 bridges therapeutics (e.g., siRNA, chemotherapeutics) to targeting ligands like antibodies or peptides. Its PEG spacer prolongs circulation half-life by reducing renal clearance and macrophage uptake. Diagnostic applications include labeling proteins or nanoparticles with fluorophores via the amine group. In tissue engineering, it crosslinks thiolated hyaluronic acid to form biocompatible hydrogels. Recent research explores its use in PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) for targeted protein degradation.
Safety and Storage
FC-PEG-MAL/NH2 is hygroscopic and light-sensitive, requiring storage at -20°C under argon or nitrogen. Lyophilized powders are stable for years, but solutions in water or DMSO should be used within 1 week to prevent maleimide hydrolysis. Safety protocols mandate gloves and eye protection due to potential skin/eye irritation. Spills should be neutralized with dilute sodium bicarbonate. Waste disposal follows local regulations for organic compounds. MSDS sheets typically classify it as Hazard Category 4 (low risk).
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing FC-PEG-MAL/NH2, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 certification for biomedical-grade material. Key specifications include: 1. PEG length (e.g., 2kDa for renal clearance avoidance) 2. End-group substitution ratio (>90% MAL/NH2) 3. Residual solvents (e.g., <0.1% DMF) 4. Lyophilization vs. solution format Bulk orders (100g+) may negotiate 10-20% discounts. Request batch-specific QC data, including MALDI-TOF for molecular weight confirmation. For ADC projects, opt for GMP-grade material with endotoxin testing (<0.1 EU/mg).
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