Overview
Expanded perlite powder is produced by heating volcanic perlite ore to 900–1,100°C, causing it to expand up to 20 times its original volume. The resulting material consists of tiny, sealed air cells that provide exceptional thermal insulation and low density. Widely used since the 1940s, it is favored for its sustainability and versatility. Unlike synthetic alternatives, it is naturally occurring and chemically inert, making it suitable for sensitive applications like horticulture and food processing.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The powder typically has a bulk density of 30–150 kg/m³, depending on the expansion process. Its porosity exceeds 90%, contributing to superior thermal conductivity (0.035–0.045 W/m·K) and sound absorption (NRC up to 0.8). Chemically, it is composed of 70–75% silicon dioxide and 12–15% aluminum oxide, with trace amounts of other oxides. The material is pH-neutral (6.5–7.5) and non-combustible, meeting ASTM C610 standards for fire resistance.
Main Applications
In construction, it serves as a lightweight aggregate in plasters, concrete, and insulation boards. Its R-value per inch ranges from 2.7 to 3.7, comparable to fiberglass but with better moisture resistance. Horticultural grades (particle size 1–5 mm) improve soil aeration and water retention. Industrial uses include cryogenic insulation for LNG tanks (-196°C applications) and filtration aids in food/pharmaceutical processing due to its FDA compliance.
Safety and Storage
While non-hazardous, prolonged dust exposure may cause respiratory irritation. OSHA recommends P1/P2 dust masks and eye protection during bulk handling. Storage requires protection from humidity to prevent clumping. Unlike vermiculite, perlite contains no asbestos. However, suppliers should provide heavy metal content certificates (e.g., lead <5 ppm) for food-grade applications. Bulk shipments require waterproof packaging to maintain flowability.
B2B Procurement Guide
Key specifications to evaluate include: particle size distribution (D50 typically 30–150 microns), moisture content (<1% for premium grades), and loose bulk density (lower values indicate better expansion). For construction projects, verify compliance with ASTM C549 (aggregate standard) or EN 13169 (CE marking). Horticultural buyers should prioritize sterile, dust-free grades with 85–95% pore space. Volume discounts commonly apply for orders exceeding 20 metric tons.
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