Overview
Ethyl formylformate, also known as ethyl glyoxylate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O3. It is a versatile reagent in organic chemistry, commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances. The compound is characterized by its reactive formyl and ester functional groups, which make it valuable for various chemical transformations. In industrial settings, ethyl formylformate is typically supplied as a solution in solvents like ethanol or toluene to enhance stability. Its reactivity necessitates careful handling and storage to prevent degradation. The compound's applications span multiple industries, highlighting its importance in modern chemical manufacturing.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Ethyl formylformate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.14 g/cm³. It has a boiling point of approximately 140-142°C and is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The compound's molecular weight is 102.09 g/mol, and it exhibits high reactivity due to its formyl and ester groups. Key chemical properties include its ability to participate in aldol condensations, Grignard reactions, and other nucleophilic additions. These reactions are foundational in synthesizing complex organic molecules. The compound's instability in pure form often requires stabilization with solvents or derivatization for long-term storage.
Main Applications
Ethyl formylformate is widely used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Its reactivity allows for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, making it valuable for creating complex molecular structures. In the flavor and fragrance industry, ethyl formylformate serves as a precursor for esters and aldehydes that contribute to fruity and floral aromas. Additionally, it finds use in agrochemical synthesis, where it aids in the production of herbicides and pesticides. The compound's versatility underscores its importance in industrial chemistry.
Safety and Storage
Ethyl formylformate is classified as an irritant and requires careful handling to avoid skin, eye, or respiratory exposure. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats, is essential when working with this chemical. Storage conditions should include a cool, dry environment away from light and moisture. The compound is often stabilized in solvents to prevent polymerization or decomposition. Spills should be contained and cleaned up immediately using appropriate absorbent materials, and disposal must comply with local regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring ethyl formylformate, buyers should prioritize suppliers with verified CAS numbers (924-44-7) and clear purity specifications. Bulk purchases may require coordination with manufacturers for custom synthesis or stabilization solutions. Pricing varies based on purity and volume, with reference ranges typically between $50-$100 per kilogram. Buyers should also consider logistics, as the compound may require specialized packaging and transportation to ensure stability. Certificates of analysis (CoA) and material safety data sheets (MSDS) are critical for compliance and safety.
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