Overview
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon widely used in industrial applications due to its solvent properties. It is a derivative of ethane where all hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms, resulting in a dense, non-flammable liquid. Historically, it was used in large quantities but has seen reduced use due to its toxicity and environmental concerns. Despite its declining use, it remains valuable in specific niches, such as chemical synthesis and as a solvent for oils, resins, and waxes. Industrial users must handle it with care due to its hazardous nature, requiring strict safety protocols to mitigate health risks.
Physical and Chemical Properties
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is a colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. It has a high density of 1.595 g/cm³, making it heavier than water. The compound is stable under normal conditions but can decompose under high temperatures, releasing toxic gases like hydrogen chloride. Its solubility profile includes miscibility with most organic solvents but limited solubility in water. The boiling point is 146.2 °C, and the melting point is -43 °C. These properties make it suitable for applications requiring a high-boiling-point solvent, though its toxicity limits its use in many industries.
Main Applications
The primary use of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is as a solvent in industrial processes, particularly for dissolving oils, fats, and resins. It is also employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chlorinated compounds, such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. In the past, it was used in large quantities for metal degreasing and as a fumigant, but these applications have declined due to environmental regulations. Today, its use is more specialized, often in laboratories or niche industrial processes where alternatives are not feasible.
Safety and Storage
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is highly toxic, posing risks through inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Chronic exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage, and it is classified as a potential carcinogen. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and respirators, is essential when handling this chemical. Storage requires a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and incompatible materials like strong oxidizers. Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent leaks or evaporation. Spills must be contained and cleaned up immediately using appropriate absorbents and disposal methods.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with certified quality control measures. Purity levels (typically 98-99%) should align with application requirements, and bulk purchases may reduce costs. Transport and handling logistics must comply with hazardous material regulations, including proper labeling and documentation. Buyers should also evaluate alternatives, such as less toxic solvents, to align with sustainability goals and regulatory compliance. Long-term contracts with reliable suppliers can ensure consistent supply and price stability.
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