Overview
Met-enkephalin is one of the two primary enkephalin peptides (along with Leu-enkephalin) that function as endogenous ligands for opioid receptors. Discovered in 1975, it's derived from the precursor protein proenkephalin and is widely distributed throughout the nervous system. The peptide plays crucial roles in pain inhibition, emotional regulation, and stress response through its action on μ-opioid and δ-opioid receptors. In research contexts, synthetic Met-enkephalin is commonly used to study the endogenous opioid system. Its short biological half-life (typically under 4 minutes) makes it valuable for transient effect studies. Pharmaceutical research explores its potential in pain management, though its rapid degradation presents formulation challenges.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a pentapeptide, Met-enkephalin has a molecular weight of 573.66 g/mol with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. The peptide contains a tyrosine residue at the N-terminus which is critical for receptor binding. The methionine at position 5 distinguishes it from Leu-enkephalin. The compound typically appears as a lyophilized powder that's stable when stored properly. Its water solubility exceeds 5 mg/mL at neutral pH, allowing preparation of stock solutions for experimental use. The peptide is susceptible to degradation by aminopeptidases and other proteolytic enzymes, requiring careful handling to maintain integrity during experiments.
Main Applications
In neuroscience research, Met-enkephalin serves as a tool for studying opioid receptor signaling pathways and pain modulation mechanisms. Researchers use it to investigate the endogenous pain control system and stress-induced analgesia. The peptide helps identify receptor subtypes and characterize their distribution in neural tissues. Pharmacological studies employ Met-enkephalin to develop enzyme-resistant analogs or delivery systems that overcome its rapid metabolic breakdown. Some experimental therapies explore its potential in treating chronic pain conditions, depression, and immune system modulation, though clinical applications remain investigational.
Safety and Storage
As a biologically active peptide, Met-enkephalin requires careful handling to prevent accidental exposure. Laboratory personnel should use gloves and work in ventilated areas when handling powder forms. The compound may cause central nervous system depression if absorbed in significant quantities. For long-term storage, maintain lyophilized powder at -20°C in sealed, light-protected vials with desiccant. Prepared solutions should be aliquoted and frozen at -80°C for extended stability. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as this accelerates peptide degradation. Proper disposal should follow institutional guidelines for bioactive peptides.
B2B Procurement Guide
Research-grade Met-enkephalin is typically sold by specialty peptide suppliers and biochemical companies. Buyers should verify the supplier's analytical documentation, including HPLC purity certificates (>95% purity for most research applications) and mass spectrometry validation. Bulk quantities may require special import permits due to opioid-related regulations. Pricing varies significantly based on purity (research-grade 95-98% vs. pharmaceutical-grade >99%), order volume, and customization (e.g., isotopic labeling). Consider suppliers that offer batch-specific certificates of analysis and proper cold chain shipping for international orders. Minimum order quantities often start at 1mg for research use.
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