Overview
Eicosane is a straight-chain alkane with 20 carbon atoms, classified as a higher paraffin hydrocarbon. It occurs naturally in petroleum and plant waxes but is typically synthesized for industrial use. As a non-polar compound, it exhibits typical alkane characteristics, including chemical inertness and hydrophobicity. In B2B contexts, eicosane is valued for its thermal properties and stability. It serves as a benchmark in analytical chemistry due to its well-defined melting point and is increasingly used in energy storage applications as a phase-change material (PCM).
Physical and Chemical Properties
Eicosane's waxy solid form at room temperature transitions to a clear liquid when heated above 37°C. Its density decreases with temperature, typical of hydrocarbons. The compound has a flash point of 113°C, making it combustible but not highly flammable. Chemically, eicosane resists oxidation under standard conditions but may decompose at high temperatures (>200°C) to form smaller hydrocarbons. Its solubility profile makes it compatible with organic matrices but unsuitable for aqueous systems without emulsifiers.
Main Applications
Industrial lubricants utilize eicosane as an additive to modify viscosity and reduce friction. In coatings, it enhances water resistance and texture. The cosmetics industry employs it in lipsticks and solid perfume formulations for its melting properties. Emerging uses include thermal energy storage, where eicosane's phase-change characteristics help regulate temperature in building materials. Laboratories rely on high-purity grades as calibration standards for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Safety and Storage
While eicosane poses minimal acute toxicity, prolonged skin contact may cause irritation or folliculitis. Proper ventilation is recommended when handling heated material to avoid vapor inhalation. Spills should be contained with absorbents like vermiculite. Storage requires airtight containers to prevent dust formation and contamination. Compatibility with polyethylene and stainless steel makes these materials ideal for long-term storage. Shelf life typically exceeds 2 years when stored below 30°C.
B2B Procurement Guide
Buyers should prioritize suppliers that provide certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity, melting point, and residual solvent content. Technical-grade eicosane (95–98% purity) suits most industrial applications, while chromatographic standards demand ≥99% purity. Bulk shipments often use 25 kg bags or drums. For international procurement, verify compliance with REACH or TSCA regulations. Spot prices fluctuate with crude oil markets, so long-term contracts may stabilize costs for high-volume users.
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