Overview
DSPE-PEG-NHS is a versatile phospholipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate designed for bioconjugation and nanomaterial modification. The DSPE (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) moiety provides hydrophobic anchoring, while the PEG chain confers hydrophilicity and stealth properties to evade immune detection. The terminal NHS ester enables efficient coupling with primary amines, making it ideal for labeling proteins, antibodies, or nanoparticles. This compound is pivotal in pharmaceutical research, particularly for enhancing the circulation time and targeting efficiency of liposomal drugs. Its amphiphilic nature allows spontaneous self-assembly into micelles or integration into lipid bilayers, offering flexibility in formulation design.
Physical and Chemical Properties
DSPE-PEG-NHS exhibits amphiphilic behavior due to its dual DSPE (hydrophobic) and PEG (hydrophilic) structure. The NHS ester group is highly reactive toward amines, with hydrolysis occurring in aqueous environments, necessitating anhydrous handling. The PEG chain length (e.g., PEG2000, PEG5000) influences molecular weight, solubility, and steric effects. Thermal properties are dominated by the DSPE component, which has a melting point near 55-60°C. The compound forms stable micelles in water, with critical micelle concentration (CMC) dependent on PEG length. Solubility is highest in organic solvents like chloroform, but it can be dispersed in aqueous buffers for conjugation reactions.
Main Applications
In drug delivery, DSPE-PEG-NHS is used to functionalize liposomes, enabling prolonged blood circulation and targeted release. The NHS ester allows covalent attachment of ligands (e.g., antibodies, peptides) for active targeting. It also reduces opsonization and macrophage uptake, a key advantage for stealth nanoparticles. Beyond therapeutics, this conjugate is employed in diagnostic probes, where PEGylation improves stability and reduces nonspecific binding. In nanotechnology, it serves as a linker for surface modifications of quantum dots or iron oxide nanoparticles, enhancing biocompatibility and functionalization options.
Safety and Storage
DSPE-PEG-NHS requires careful handling due to its moisture-sensitive NHS group. Storage at -20°C under argon or nitrogen is critical to prevent hydrolysis. Use desiccants and vacuum-sealed containers for long-term stability. Safety protocols include wearing gloves and eye protection to avoid skin/eye contact. Although low in acute toxicity, inhalation of powder should be avoided. Work in a fume hood when handling organic solvents during dissolution. Dispose of waste according to local regulations for chemical residues.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring DSPE-PEG-NHS, specify PEG molecular weight (e.g., PEG3400) and purity (typically >95% by HPLC). Bulk quantities (kilograms) may require custom synthesis, with lead times of 4-8 weeks. Reputable suppliers provide certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing residual solvents and endotoxin levels for biomedical applications. Compare functional group reactivity (NHS ester vs. maleimide) based on conjugation needs. For GMP-grade material, verify compliance with ICH guidelines. Pricing varies by scale; academic labs may purchase milligram quantities (~$200-$500), while industrial buyers negotiate volume discounts.
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