Overview
Dipropionyl (Propanoic anhydride) is an organic compound primarily used as a reactive intermediate in chemical synthesis. Its bifunctional structure makes it valuable for introducing propionyl groups into target molecules, particularly in pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals. Industrially, it is produced via the dehydration of propionic acid. The compound's reactivity stems from its anhydride group, which readily participates in acylation reactions. Due to its moisture sensitivity, dipropionyl requires careful handling to prevent hydrolysis, which yields propionic acid. Its applications span flavorings, perfumes, and polymer modifiers.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Dipropionyl is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor reminiscent of acetic acid. It has a density of 1.01 g/cm³ and boils at 167–169°C, with a low melting point of -45°C. The compound is highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether but reacts exothermically with water. Chemically, it acts as a potent acylating agent, reacting with alcohols and amines to form esters and amides, respectively. Its hydrolysis susceptibility necessitates anhydrous conditions during storage and use. The molecular weight of 130.14 g/mol and vapor pressure of 1.5 mmHg at 20°C influence its handling protocols.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical industry, dipropionyl serves as a key intermediate for synthesizing active ingredients, including anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. Its ability to modify molecular structures enhances drug bioavailability. The fragrance industry utilizes it to produce ester-based flavorings, such as fruit flavor compounds. Additionally, it functions as a plasticizer precursor in polymer manufacturing, improving material flexibility. Smaller-scale applications include laboratory reagent use and specialty organic synthesis for agrochemicals.
Safety and Storage
Dipropionyl is corrosive and requires strict safety measures. Direct contact can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, necessitating PPE like nitrile gloves and chemical goggles. Always work in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods. Storage demands airtight containers made of glass or corrosion-resistant metals, kept at temperatures below 25°C. Incompatible with strong bases, oxidizers, and moisture. Spills should be neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and contained using inert absorbents. SDS documentation must be reviewed prior to use.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers offering ≥98% purity with GC/MS or HPLC analysis certificates. Bulk shipments (drum or IBC containers) typically reduce costs by 10–20% compared to retail quantities. Verify compliance with international regulations (e.g., REACH, FDA for specific applications). Lead times vary; ensure suppliers maintain inventory for consistent supply chain flow. Sample testing for water content (<0.1%) and residual acids is recommended. Negotiate incoterms (e.g., CIF) based on regional logistics constraints.
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