Overview
Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant first identified in spoiled sweet clover hay. It is derived from coumarin through fungal metabolism and gained prominence in the 1940s for its role in hemorrhagic disease in cattle. Structurally, it consists of two hydroxycoumarin units linked by a methylene bridge. Initially studied for medical applications, dicoumarol's derivative warfarin later became the primary clinical anticoagulant. Today, dicoumarol is primarily used in rodenticides and biochemical research, particularly in studies of vitamin K antagonism and blood coagulation pathways.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Dicoumarol appears as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder with a melting point between 287-293°C (with decomposition). It exhibits low solubility in water but dissolves readily in alkaline solutions and organic solvents such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The compound's anticoagulant activity stems from its ability to inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme critical for activating clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. This property is pH-dependent, with optimal efficacy in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. Its stability is affected by UV light and oxidizing agents, requiring protective storage.
Main Applications
In industrial and B2B contexts, dicoumarol's primary use is in rodenticide formulations, where it acts as a slow-acting anticoagulant poison. Its delayed effect prevents bait shyness in target species. Research laboratories employ it as a tool compound to study coagulation disorders and vitamin K metabolism. Historically, dicoumarol was investigated for therapeutic anticoagulation but was replaced by warfarin due to more predictable pharmacokinetics. Niche applications include biochemical assays probing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity, where it serves as an inhibitor.
Safety and Storage
Dicoumarol is classified as toxic (GHS Hazard Statements H301, H311, H331). Proper handling requires nitrile gloves, eye protection, and respiratory masks when handling powder. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste. Storage recommendations include amber glass bottles or opaque HDPE containers under inert gas (e.g., argon) for long-term preservation. Maintain temperature below 25°C and humidity under 60%. Incompatible materials include strong oxidizers and bases, which may degrade the compound.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing dicoumarol, prioritize suppliers with certified analytical data (HPLC purity ≥98%) and batch-specific COAs. For rodenticide formulations, verify local regulatory approvals—some jurisdictions restrict use due to secondary poisoning risks. Research-grade quantities (1g–100g) typically cost $50–200/g, with bulk orders (kg scale) offering 15–30% discounts. Key procurement considerations include lead times (often 2–4 weeks for synthesis), shipping conditions (ambient temperature with desiccant packs), and end-use documentation requirements. Alternative sourcing options include custom synthesis from coumarin precursors for large-scale needs.
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