Overview
Dextran gel is a hydrophilic, cross-linked polysaccharide matrix derived from dextran, a bacterial exopolysaccharide. It is widely used in biochemical and industrial applications due to its uniform pore structure and compatibility with aqueous solutions. The gel’s properties can be tailored by varying the degree of cross-linking, which determines its exclusion limits and swelling characteristics. Commonly sold under trade names like Sephadex, dextran gel is available in multiple grades (e.g., G-10 to G-200), each designed for specific molecular weight separations. Its inert nature makes it suitable for sensitive biological molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Dextran gel exhibits high mechanical stability and swelling capacity in water, increasing its volume up to fivefold depending on the grade. The beads are chemically stable across a broad pH range (2–13) and resist degradation by most organic solvents. However, prolonged exposure to strong oxidants or extreme temperatures may compromise its structure. The gel’s porosity is its defining feature, with smaller pore sizes (e.g., G-25) excluding molecules above 5 kDa, while larger pores (e.g., G-200) accommodate separations up to 800 kDa. Density varies between dry (1.2 g/cm³) and swollen states (1.0 g/cm³), affecting flow rates in column chromatography.
Main Applications
In biotechnology, dextran gel is a cornerstone of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), separating biomolecules by hydrodynamic radius. It is also used for buffer exchange, desalting, and removing small contaminants from protein solutions. Affinity chromatography variants, such as DEAE-Sephadex, introduce ion-exchange capabilities for nucleic acid purification. Industrial applications include wastewater treatment for heavy metal adsorption and food processing for clarifying beverages. Its biocompatibility has led to exploratory uses in drug delivery systems and wound dressings, though these remain niche markets.
Safety and Storage
Dextran gel is classified as non-hazardous but requires proper handling to maintain sterility. Dry powder may cause mild respiratory irritation; use dust masks and ventilation. Swollen gels should be stored at 2–8°C with preservatives (e.g., 20% ethanol) to prevent microbial growth. Long-term storage of dry gel necessitates moisture-free conditions to avoid clumping. For lab use, autoclaving (121°C, 15 psi) is acceptable for sterilization, though excessive heat cycles may reduce swelling capacity. Always refer to the manufacturer’s SDS for specific guidelines.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing dextran gel, specify the intended application to select the appropriate grade (e.g., G-50 for peptides, G-100 for globular proteins). Bulk purchases (10+ kg) typically reduce costs by 20–30%. Key suppliers include Cytiva (Sephadex), Sigma-Aldrich, and Tosoh Bioscience. For chromatography, verify particle size uniformity (e.g., 45–165 μm) and exclusion limits. Pre-packed columns are cost-effective for routine workflows, while bulk gels suit custom setups. Request certificates of analysis for critical parameters like swelling time and pH tolerance. Lead times vary; specialty grades may require 4–6 weeks.
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