Overview
Desulfurized hydrated lime, or calcium hydroxide, is a critical reagent in industrial air pollution control systems. Produced by slaking quicklime (CaO) with water, it is specially processed to achieve high purity and reactivity for flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Its fine particle size and chemical stability make it ideal for reacting with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in wet or dry scrubbing systems. Globally, over 60% of desulfurized hydrated lime is consumed by coal-fired power plants to meet emission regulations. The material is also used in wastewater treatment and construction, though FGD-grade lime requires stricter quality controls to ensure efficient SO₂ removal.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Desulfurized hydrated lime exhibits a high surface area (typically 15-25 m²/g) due to its fine powder form, which enhances SO₂ absorption. Its alkalinity (pH ~12.4 in solution) enables acid gas neutralization. Unlike agricultural lime, FGD-grade lime has controlled particle sizes (90% < 45 microns) to optimize reactivity in scrubber systems. The compound decomposes at 580°C into calcium oxide and water. Its slight water solubility distinguishes it from more soluble alkalis like sodium hydroxide, reducing scrubber system corrosion risks. Key quality indicators include available lime content (min. 90%), unreacted CaO (<2%), and magnesium oxide limits (<2%).
Main Applications
In wet FGD systems, desulfurized hydrated lime forms a slurry that absorbs SO₂, producing calcium sulfite/sulfate byproducts. Dry injection systems use it in powder form for smaller-scale operations. The global FGD market consumes ~40 million tons annually, with Asia-Pacific being the largest consumer due to stringent emission norms. Secondary uses include acidic wastewater neutralization (pH adjustment), soil stabilization in construction, and as a precursor for calcium-based chemicals. In steelmaking, it treats blast furnace gases. Emerging applications include CO₂ capture technologies, where its reactivity with acidic gases is leveraged.
Safety and Storage
As a caustic material, desulfurized hydrated lime requires PPE including gloves, goggles, and respirators (for dust exposure). It can cause skin irritation or respiratory issues if mishandled. Storage silos must be moisture-proof to prevent premature carbonation (reaction with CO₂) which reduces reactivity. Bulk shipments typically use sealed tanker trucks or super sacks. On-site storage life is 6-12 months in optimal conditions. Facilities should have spill containment measures and neutralization protocols (e.g., vinegar or citric acid solutions) for accidental releases.
B2B Procurement Guide
Procurement professionals should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001-certified production facilities. Key specifications to request: Ca(OH)₂ content (≥90%), sieve residue (max. 1% on 200 mesh), BET surface area (>15 m²/g), and SO₂ reactivity test results (typically >95% conversion efficiency). Logistics considerations include regional availability (to minimize transport costs) and just-in-time delivery options. Contracts often include performance clauses tied to FGD system efficiency. Sample testing is recommended before large purchases, as impurities like silica can affect scrubber nozzle performance.
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