Overview
Deuterium, often represented by the symbol D or ²H, is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen. While ordinary hydrogen atoms contain just one proton in their nucleus, deuterium atoms contain both a proton and a neutron. This additional neutron gives deuterium distinct physical and chemical properties compared to normal hydrogen. First discovered in 1931 by Harold Urey, deuterium occurs naturally in water at a concentration of about 156 parts per million. The deuterium oxide (D₂O) form, commonly called heavy water, has significant industrial importance. Unlike radioactive tritium, deuterium is stable and non-radioactive, making it safer for many applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Deuterium exhibits similar chemical behavior to protium (ordinary hydrogen) but with notable differences in reaction rates and bond strengths due to its greater mass. This kinetic isotope effect makes it valuable for studying reaction mechanisms. The D-D bond is stronger than the H-H bond, with a bond energy of 443 kJ/mol compared to 436 kJ/mol for H₂. At standard temperature and pressure, deuterium exists as a colorless, odorless diatomic gas (D₂). It has higher boiling and melting points than normal hydrogen due to its greater molecular mass. The density of deuterium gas is about twice that of hydrogen gas under the same conditions.
Main Applications
In nuclear technology, deuterium serves as a moderator in heavy water reactors, slowing down neutrons without absorbing them excessively. It's also crucial in fusion research as a potential fuel source. The ITER project and other fusion experiments primarily use deuterium-tritium mixtures. Deuterated compounds are indispensable in NMR spectroscopy, where they serve as solvents that don't interfere with proton signals. In chemistry and biochemistry, deuterium labeling helps track reaction pathways and study molecular structures. Pharmaceutical companies use deuterated drugs to modify metabolic pathways and improve drug efficacy.
Safety and Storage
While non-toxic, deuterium gas poses asphyxiation risks in confined spaces by displacing oxygen. Its flammability range (4-75% in air) is slightly narrower than that of hydrogen but still requires careful handling. Storage should be in certified gas cylinders with proper pressure regulation. Deuterium oxide (heavy water) is chemically stable but should be handled with care due to its ability to alter biological processes at high concentrations. Large-scale storage facilities for heavy water require security measures due to its nuclear applications. Always use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling deuterium in any form.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring deuterium, specify the required purity level which typically ranges from 99% to 99.999% for different applications. Gas form is usually supplied in high-pressure cylinders (typically 200 bar), while heavy water is available in various container sizes from liters to bulk shipments. Consider delivery logistics carefully as deuterium products often require special handling. For research applications, verify the isotopic enrichment level and potential contaminants. Establish long-term supply contracts for consistent quality when used in continuous processes like nuclear applications. Always request certificates of analysis with each shipment.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：IGBT模块、IGBT、模块、2MBI400XDE065、功率模块、晶闸管、可控硅、熔断器、可控硅模块、整流桥
- 主营：放大器、检测器、滤波器、00DE、调制器、发射器、接收器、衰减器、解调器、变压器、合成器、收发器、偏置器、振荡器、rfid天线、终端负载、隔直流器、微波射频、集成电路、同轴开关、接入监控ic、频率综合器、射频适配器、多路复用器、耦合器电桥、定向耦合器
- 主营：精细化工品、润滑油、有机中间体
- 主营：路由器、接口板、业务板、ips软件、防火墙、特征库、接口卡、端口100、双电源、主控板、14(2端口、固态硬盘、万兆单板、交流主机、双模接口、直流电源、路由单元、主控单元、以太接口、风扇单元、沙箱检测、接口模块、速率板卡、以太网电、交换机
- 主营：变频器、奥托尼克斯、触摸屏、SINAMICS840DDE、电缆、模块、驱动、PLC模块、S7-1500、S7-1200、S7-300、S7-200、代理商、西门子代理、西门子代理商
- 主营：发光二极管、UVLED、光耦、06DE、传感器、红外发射接收管、数码管、厚声、三星、长电、村田、敦南二极管
- 主营：电源管理(PMIC)、集成电路(IC)、信号继电器、S24DE15001NDFA、模数转换器(ADC)、数模转换器(DAC)、功率继电器、DC-DC 转换器、AC-DC 转换器、模块、胶带粘合剂、高压连接器、汽车继电器、电源管理 IC、变压器、ESD保护二极管/T、工业接近传感器
- 主营：drd710g50、nd242s10k、d4201n20t、SKM150GB124DE、d8407n04t、d2450n02t、d3041n60t、d1050n18t、dd242s08k、dcr470t14、dcr370t18、sd400c08c、skr140f12、skr140f17、drd410t22、sd400c16c、st280ch04、ds3480y50、dd230s22k、bsm50gp60、d1408s20t、d8019n02t、nd241s10k、d3041n58t、d1230n14t、d4201n16t
- 主营：mm15n050p、晶闸管、mm15fu60k、SKM150GB124DE、ixfn73n30、mm60f060p、mm60f060b、sdd100n12、sdd100n14、sdd100n16、mm8fu120k、mm30g120b、mm15f060k、ixfn90n30、mm20n050p、mm30f040p、保险丝、mm60f040b、mm30f120b、mm30f120k、mm75f120b、mm60f120b、mm30f060k、mm10f60k1、二极管、sdd100n08
- 主营：熔断器、晶闸管、微控制器、SKM100GB124DE、全新二极管、整流二极管、可控硅整流桥、二极管可控硅
- 主营：千金子、大黄素、紫茎女贞苷b、千里光菲灵碱、花青素、甘草系列、水飞蓟系列
- 主营：CM100DY-24A、A50QS75-4Y、1MBI600S-120、SKM100GB124DE、8Z201T、3SB1400-0A、FS25R12W1T4、SKIIP39AC12T4V10、CM75RX-24A、CM300DY-24
- 主营：DC-DC电源芯片、接口芯片、无线收发芯片、NT5TU128M8DE、RF滤波器、RS232芯片、RF放大器、音频接口芯片、视频接口芯片、射频卡芯片
- 主营：ST、TI、ADI、ZHIDE志得、ATMEL、XILINX、罗姆、IR、NS、MAXIM、PHI、ON、士兰微、长电、TE
- 主营：vishay、nichicon、KEL、DE2V2SA00LF、honeywell、wedc、on、TI、ADI、XILINX、ALLEGRO、microchip、TE、samtec、MINI、MOLEX、C&K、ALTERA、AMPHENOL、AISHI、ALPHA、ALPS、PANASONIC、BOSCH、BOURNS、ALL-POWER