Overview
Datura is a genus of nine species of poisonous vespertine flowering plants, native to North America but now distributed globally. Historically, it has been used in shamanic rituals and traditional medicine due to its psychoactive alkaloids. Modern applications focus primarily on pharmaceutical extraction of scopolamine for anti-nausea medications. The plant is easily identifiable by its large, trumpet-shaped flowers and spiny seed pods. All parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids, making it dangerous for unregulated use. In B2B contexts, Datura is primarily traded by licensed pharmaceutical and botanical extract suppliers.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Datura's active compounds are tropane alkaloids, primarily scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine. These are anticholinergic agents that affect the nervous system. Scopolamine (C₁₇H₂₁NO₄) has a molecular weight of 303.35 g/mol and is soluble in alcohol and chloroform but poorly soluble in water. The plant material itself contains approximately 0.1–0.8% alkaloids by dry weight, with concentrations varying by species and growing conditions. Extraction typically yields white crystalline powders for pharmaceutical use. These compounds degrade under UV light and high temperatures, requiring careful storage.
Main Applications
In controlled pharmaceutical applications, Datura-derived scopolamine is used in transdermal patches for motion sickness and postoperative nausea. The alkaloids also serve as precursors for synthesizing other medicinal compounds. Historically, Datura was used in traditional pain relief and asthma treatments, though these practices are now discouraged due to toxicity risks. In agriculture, some species are planted as natural insecticides, though this requires careful management to prevent ecological spread.
Safety and Storage
Datura is classified as a toxic plant in most jurisdictions. Ingestion of even small amounts (5–10 seeds) can cause delirium, tachycardia, and death. Pharmaceutical-grade extracts must be handled with PPE to prevent accidental absorption through skin or inhalation. Storage of raw plant material requires dry, ventilated conditions to prevent mold. Extracted alkaloids are typically stored in amber glass containers at controlled room temperature (20–25°C) with desiccants. Facilities handling Datura products require narcotics licenses in many countries.
B2B Procurement Guide
Pharmaceutical buyers should prioritize suppliers with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification and verified chain-of-custody documentation. Due to regulatory complexity, many companies source purified alkaloids rather than raw plant material. Key procurement considerations include: third-party lab testing for alkaloid concentration (typically 98–99.5% purity for pharmaceutical use), compliance with the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) regulations, and supplier audits for sustainable harvesting practices (where applicable). MOQs commonly start at 1 kg for purified compounds.
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