Overview
D-Carnitine is the non-biological stereoisomer of L-carnitine, an essential compound in fatty acid metabolism. While L-carnitine facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production, D-carnitine lacks this biological activity. The compound was first identified during the structural elucidation of carnitine in the early 20th century. In biological systems, only L-carnitine is active, while D-carnitine is considered an antimetabolite that can compete with L-carnitine for transport and binding sites. This property makes D-carnitine valuable for certain research applications studying carnitine metabolism and transport mechanisms.
Physical and Chemical Properties
D-Carnitine shares the same molecular formula and weight as L-carnitine but differs in its spatial configuration. The compound typically appears as a white crystalline powder that is hygroscopic and readily soluble in water. Its melting point with decomposition occurs around 197-198°C. The optical rotation of D-carnitine is opposite to that of L-carnitine, with [α]D20 approximately -30° (c = 10 in H2O) compared to +30° for the L-form. This stereochemical difference is crucial as it determines the compound's biological activity and interaction with enzymes and transporters in biological systems.
Main Applications
The primary use of D-carnitine is in scientific research as a negative control in studies of carnitine metabolism. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the stereospecificity of carnitine transporters and enzymes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase. In industrial applications, D-carnitine may be used as a chiral building block for organic synthesis. Some studies have explored its potential as a component in chiral resolution processes. However, it has no approved therapeutic applications due to its ability to interfere with L-carnitine function.
Safety and Storage
D-Carnitine should be handled as a research chemical with appropriate precautions. It is not approved for human or animal consumption as it may competitively inhibit L-carnitine transport and metabolism, potentially leading to functional carnitine deficiency. The compound should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place protected from light and moisture. Standard laboratory safety practices including the use of personal protective equipment are recommended when handling the powder to avoid inhalation or skin contact.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring D-carnitine for research purposes, buyers should verify the stereochemical purity (>98% typically required for research applications) and overall chemical purity (usually ≥95%). Certificates of analysis should be requested from suppliers. Prices vary significantly based on quantity and purity, with research-grade material typically priced between $50-200 per gram. Bulk quantities may be available at lower unit costs. Lead times can vary as this is not a high-volume product. Consider supplier reputation in the research chemicals market and their ability to provide proper documentation and stability data.
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