Overview
Cytochalasin E is a secondary metabolite produced by various fungal species, notably of the genus Aspergillus. As a member of the cytochalasin family, it specifically targets the cytoskeleton by binding to actin filaments and preventing their polymerization. This unique mechanism has made it an invaluable tool in cell biology research since its discovery in the 1960s. The compound's ability to reversibly disrupt microfilament networks allows researchers to study cell motility, cytokinesis, and membrane dynamics. Unlike some other cytochalasins, Cytochalasin E exhibits particularly potent effects at low concentrations, typically in the micromolar range for most experimental applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cytochalasin E presents as a white to off-white crystalline powder with moderate stability when stored properly. Its molecular structure contains a characteristic macrocyclic ring fused to an indole moiety, which is essential for its biological activity. The compound shows good solubility in organic solvents like DMSO and ethanol, but limited water solubility, requiring solvent preparation for biological assays. Thermal analysis indicates decomposition beginning around 180°C without a distinct melting point. The substance is sensitive to light and moisture, necessitating careful handling and storage conditions. Analytical characterization typically employs HPLC for purity assessment and mass spectrometry for identity confirmation.
Main Applications
In research settings, Cytochalasin E serves primarily as a cytoskeletal disruptor for investigating actin-dependent cellular processes. It's particularly valuable in studies of cell division, where it can inhibit cytokinesis without affecting nuclear division, creating multinucleated cells. This property has been exploited in cell fusion experiments and hybridoma technology. The compound also finds use in vascular biology research, where it helps examine endothelial barrier function and permeability. Recent applications include mechanobiology studies exploring how cells sense and respond to mechanical forces, as well as investigations into cancer cell migration and metastasis pathways.
Safety and Storage
As a potent biological toxin, Cytochalasin E requires strict safety precautions. Laboratory handling should always occur in a fume hood with appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and lab coats. The compound may cause respiratory irritation and is harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. For long-term storage, aliquot the material in airtight, light-resistant containers under inert atmosphere at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain stability. Dispose of waste according to local regulations for hazardous organic compounds, typically through licensed chemical waste disposal services.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing Cytochalasin E for research purposes, prioritize suppliers with demonstrated expertise in bioactive small molecules. Key procurement considerations include batch-specific certificates of analysis confirming purity (typically >98% by HPLC) and biological activity verification data. Many suppliers offer custom aliquoting services to minimize handling risks. Lead times can vary significantly (2-8 weeks) depending on source and purity requirements. For bulk purchases (gram quantities), expect pricing advantages but longer synthesis times. Consider requesting stability data and MSDS documentation with each shipment. Some manufacturers provide pre-dissolved solutions in DMSO for convenience, though these have shorter shelf lives than the pure powder form.