Overview
Cy5 is a synthetic cyanine dye widely used in fluorescence-based applications due to its strong emission in the near-infrared range. It is particularly valued in biological research for its ability to label biomolecules without significantly altering their function. Cy5 derivatives, such as Sulfo-Cy5 and Cy5 NHS ester, offer enhanced solubility and reactivity for conjugation with proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules. First introduced in the 1990s, Cy5 has become a staple in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and diagnostic assays. Its stability and brightness make it a preferred choice for researchers requiring high sensitivity and low background noise in their experiments.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cy5 exhibits a maximum excitation wavelength of approximately 650 nm and an emission peak around 670 nm, making it ideal for applications where minimal autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration are required. The dye is highly stable under physiological conditions and resistant to photobleaching compared to other fluorescent markers. Its molecular structure includes a polymethine chain, which is responsible for its absorption and emission characteristics. Cy5 is typically supplied as a powder or lyophilized solid, requiring reconstitution in appropriate solvents before use. The dye's solubility in water and organic solvents like DMSO allows for versatile application across different experimental setups.
Main Applications
Cy5 is extensively used in molecular biology for labeling DNA, RNA, and proteins. In fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Cy5-labeled probes enable precise localization of genetic material within cells. The dye is also employed in immunoassays, where it conjugates with antibodies to detect specific antigens. In diagnostic settings, Cy5 serves as a marker in microarray technologies and real-time PCR. Its near-infrared fluorescence is advantageous for in vivo imaging, as it reduces interference from biological tissues. Additionally, Cy5 is utilized in flow cytometry to analyze cell populations and in drug discovery for high-throughput screening assays.
Safety and Storage
Cy5 should be handled with care to avoid exposure to skin, eyes, or respiratory system. Personal protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, is recommended when working with the dye. Storage at -20°C in a dark, dry environment is essential to maintain its stability and fluorescence properties. Disposal should follow local regulations for chemical waste, particularly due to its potential environmental impact. Cy5 is generally considered low-toxicity, but prolonged or repeated exposure should be avoided. Always refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for specific handling instructions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Cy5 for commercial or research purposes, buyers should prioritize suppliers with a proven track record in fluorescent dyes. Key considerations include purity levels (typically >95%), batch consistency, and availability of custom modifications (e.g., NHS esters for protein conjugation). Bulk purchases often come with cost advantages, but buyers should verify storage capabilities to prevent degradation. It is advisable to request sample testing before large-scale orders to ensure the dye meets application-specific requirements. Lead times may vary depending on the supplier's inventory and customization needs.
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