Overview
Cy7.5-labeled lysozyme is a bio-conjugate where the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye Cy7.5 is covalently attached to lysozyme, an enzyme that cleaves bacterial cell walls. This modification allows real-time tracking of the enzyme in complex biological systems while retaining its catalytic function. The Cy7.5 fluorophore offers deep tissue penetration and minimal background interference, making it valuable for in vivo imaging. Developed primarily for life science research, this conjugate bridges enzymology and fluorescence microscopy. It is synthesized through NHS ester or maleimide chemistry, with careful optimization to preserve both fluorescence intensity and enzymatic activity. Commercial preparations typically include quality control data for labeling ratio and purity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The conjugate exhibits absorption/emission maxima at 750/780 nm, characteristic of Cy7.5's NIR spectrum. Its fluorescence quantum yield depends on the labeling density but generally ranges between 0.2–0.3. The lysozyme component maintains ~70–90% of its native activity post-labeling, with optimal performance at pH 4–7 and temperatures below 40°C. Stability varies by formulation: lyophilized powders last years at -20°C, while solutions degrade within weeks even when refrigerated. Photobleaching occurs under prolonged light exposure, necessitating dark storage. The dye-protein linkage (typically an amide bond) is stable in physiological conditions but may hydrolyze in strong acids/bases.
Main Applications
In research, Cy7.5-lysozyme enables dynamic studies of enzyme distribution, such as tracking renal clearance or macrophage uptake in animal models. Its NIR signal is ideal for intravital microscopy and whole-body imaging, overcoming limitations of visible-light fluorophores. Diagnostic labs use it as a fluorescent tracer in bacterial detection assays, leveraging both its binding to peptidoglycan and optical signal. Industrially, it serves as a process control marker in pharmaceutical manufacturing, where fluorescence quantifies lysozyme’s presence during purification. Some antimicrobial coating developers incorporate it to visualize biofilm penetration. Emerging applications include targeted cancer imaging, exploiting lysozyme’s affinity for certain tumor microenvironments.
Safety and Storage
Though non-hazardous in standard use, workplace precautions include gloves and eye protection to prevent allergic reactions or irritation from repeated exposure. Spills should be rinsed with water; avoid organic solvents that may precipitate the conjugate. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) classify it as a Risk Group 1 substance. For storage, lyophilized aliquots in amber vials with desiccant are preferred. Reconstituted solutions require protease inhibitors (e.g., 0.02% sodium azide) and bovine serum albumin (0.1–1%) to prevent adsorption loss. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles degrade performance; single-use aliquots are recommended. Shipping must comply with cold chain protocols (dry ice or gel packs).
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk buyers should prioritize suppliers who provide batch-specific certificates of analysis (CoA), including metrics like degree of labeling (DoL), free dye content, and specific activity (units/mg). Custom conjugates with defined DoL (e.g., 1–3 dyes per lysozyme) are available for specialized applications at 10–30% cost premiums. Lead times vary: off-the-shelf products ship in 1–2 weeks, while GMP-grade or large-scale orders (10+ grams) may require 8–12 weeks. MOQs typically start at 5 mg for research-grade and 100 mg for industrial quantities. Some vendors offer stability testing or endotoxin removal services for cell therapy applications.
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