Overview
Cupferron is an organic reagent primarily used in analytical chemistry for the selective precipitation of metal ions, particularly copper and iron. Its chelating properties make it valuable in separating and quantifying metals in complex matrices. Developed in the early 20th century, it remains a staple in laboratories for its specificity and reliability. As an ammonium salt of N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine, cupferron reacts with metal ions to form insoluble complexes. Its applications span metallurgy, environmental analysis, and quality control in industries requiring precise metal detection. However, its sensitivity to light and heat necessitates careful handling and storage.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cupferron appears as a white to light yellow crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 155.15 g/mol. It decomposes at 163-165°C and is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. The compound forms stable complexes with transition metals, particularly in acidic conditions. Its key chemical property is the ability to selectively precipitate metals like copper, iron, and vanadium from solutions. This reaction is pH-dependent, with optimal performance in mildly acidic environments. Cupferron's nitroso group is photolabile, requiring storage in amber bottles or dark conditions to prevent degradation.
Main Applications
In analytical chemistry, cupferron is used to separate and quantify metal ions in ores, alloys, and environmental samples. It enables the selective precipitation of copper and iron, facilitating their removal or measurement in complex mixtures. The reagent is also employed in metallurgical processes to purify metal solutions and in environmental testing to detect trace metals in water or soil. Its chelates are sometimes used as catalysts or intermediates in organic synthesis, though this application is less common due to the availability of specialized alternatives.
Safety and Storage
Cupferron is classified as harmful if swallowed and causes skin and eye irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, must be worn during handling. Work should be conducted in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of dust. Storage requires airtight, light-resistant containers in a cool, dry place. The reagent is sensitive to heat and light, which can degrade its effectiveness. Incompatible with strong oxidizers, it should be kept separate from such materials to prevent hazardous reactions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring cupferron, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 to ensure quality. Key specifications include purity (≥98% for most applications), CAS number verification (135-20-6), and packaging in sealed, light-resistant containers. Bulk buyers should request technical data sheets (TDS) and material safety data sheets (MSDS) to confirm compliance with industry standards. Prices vary based on quantity and purity, with discounts often available for orders exceeding 1 kg. Lead times may apply for high-purity grades, so plan procurement accordingly.