Cucurbitacin D

Updated: 2026-09-15

Overview

Cucurbitacin D is a naturally occurring triterpenoid belonging to the cucurbitacin family, primarily found in plants like bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and wild cucumber. It is recognized for its intensely bitter taste and bioactive properties, including cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. Research focuses on its potential as an anticancer agent due to its ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Historically, cucurbitacin-rich plants have been used in traditional medicine, though modern studies emphasize isolating and characterizing specific compounds like Cucurbitacin D for targeted applications. Its molecular structure includes oxygenated functional groups, contributing to its reactivity and therapeutic potential.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Cucurbitacin D is a crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 558.71 g/mol. It decomposes at high temperatures, with a melting point around 210-215°C. The compound is lipophilic, dissolving readily in organic solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol but exhibiting limited water solubility. Its stability is pH-dependent, degrading under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions. Light sensitivity necessitates storage in amber vials or dark environments. Analytical techniques such as HPLC and mass spectrometry are used to confirm purity, which is critical for research applications due to potential impurities in natural extracts.

Main Applications

In pharmaceutical research, Cucurbitacin D is investigated for its cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines, including breast and prostate cancers. It disrupts cell signaling pathways like JAK-STAT, inducing apoptosis. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it a candidate for treating autoimmune disorders. Beyond medicine, it serves as a biochemical tool to study cell cycle regulation. Traditional herbal preparations containing cucurbitacins are used cautiously due to toxicity, but standardized extracts are explored for controlled therapeutic use. Industrial-scale extraction remains challenging, limiting current applications to small-scale research.

Safety and Storage

Cucurbitacin D is classified as toxic and requires careful handling. Direct exposure can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tracts. Lab personnel should use gloves, goggles, and fume hoods. Ingestion or inhalation of dust must be avoided. For storage, maintain temperatures at -20°C in sealed containers with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption. Stability studies recommend avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Disposal should comply with hazardous waste regulations, as environmental release is harmful to aquatic life.

B2B Procurement Guide

When sourcing Cucurbitacin D, prioritize suppliers providing certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity (≥95% by HPLC) and solvent residues. Research-grade quantities (1-100 mg) are commonly available, while bulk orders may require custom synthesis. Pricing varies by purity and supplier reputation; compare quotes from specialized chemical distributors. Consider logistics—cold chain shipping may be necessary for stability. For regulatory compliance, ensure proper hazard documentation (SDS) accompanies shipments. Start with small trial orders to verify quality before large purchases.