Overview
Copper threoninate is a chelated form of copper where the metal is bound to threonine, an essential amino acid. This complex enhances the absorption and utilization of copper in biological systems, making it a preferred choice in animal feed formulations. Unlike inorganic copper salts, copper threoninate offers superior bioavailability and reduces the risk of copper toxicity. It is widely adopted in livestock and poultry industries to improve growth performance, immune function, and overall health. The compound’s stability in feed processing and storage further adds to its practicality in large-scale agricultural applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Copper threoninate typically presents as a blue-green crystalline powder, soluble in water but with limited solubility in organic solvents. Its chelate structure ensures that copper remains biologically active while minimizing interactions with other feed components. The molecular formula C8H16CuN2O6 reflects its 1:2 copper-to-threonine ratio, which is critical for its stability and function. The complex is stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade under extreme pH or prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
Main Applications
The primary use of copper threoninate is as a trace mineral supplement in animal feed, particularly for swine, poultry, and aquaculture. It addresses copper deficiencies more efficiently than inorganic sources like copper sulfate, leading to better weight gain and feed conversion rates. In agriculture, it is occasionally applied as a foliar spray to correct copper deficiencies in crops. Its chelated form ensures minimal soil fixation, allowing plants to absorb copper effectively. Research also explores its potential in human nutrition, though regulatory approvals vary by region.
Safety and Storage
While copper threoninate is considered low-toxicity, proper handling is essential to avoid occupational exposure. Dust inhalation or skin contact should be minimized using gloves and masks. Storage requires a dry, cool environment to prevent clumping or degradation. Regulatory guidelines often mandate maximum permissible copper levels in feed (e.g., 15–25 ppm for swine). Overdosing can lead to copper accumulation in liver tissues, so precise dosing equipment and formulation expertise are critical for end-users.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing copper threoninate, prioritize suppliers with ISO or FAMI-QS certifications to ensure quality and traceability. Request certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity, heavy metal content, and batch consistency. Prices vary based on purity (typically 98–99%) and order volume. Bulk purchases (e.g., >1 ton) often reduce costs by 10–20%. For international shipments, confirm compliance with destination-country regulations, such as EU Regulation 1831/2003 for feed additives.
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