Overview
Copper oxide particles (CuO) are a black inorganic compound widely used in industrial and research applications. They exhibit semiconductor properties and high thermal stability, making them valuable in electronics and energy storage. CuO particles are typically manufactured through thermal oxidation of copper or precipitation methods, resulting in controlled granular forms with sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. As a p-type semiconductor with a monoclinic crystal structure, CuO granules are favored for their catalytic and electrochemical performance. Their affordability and non-toxic nature (compared to other metal oxides) further drive adoption in sustainable technologies like solar cells and water purification systems.
Physical and Chemical Properties
CuO particles are characterized by their high density (6.31 g/cm³) and melting point (1,201°C), which ensure stability under high-temperature processes. They are insoluble in water but react with acids to form copper salts, a property utilized in metallurgical applications. The granular form offers a larger surface area than bulk CuO, enhancing reactivity in catalytic processes. Key chemical behaviors include redox activity, where CuO readily reduces to Cu₂O or copper metal under hydrogen flow. This property is exploited in hydrogen production and CO oxidation. The particles also exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV light, useful for degrading organic pollutants.
Main Applications
In ceramics, CuO granules act as colorants, producing blue-green glazes at high temperatures. The electronics industry uses them in lithium-ion battery anodes and gas sensors due to their electrical sensitivity to gases like CO and NO₂. As a catalyst, CuO accelerates reactions in synthetic chemistry and exhaust gas treatment. Recent innovations include antimicrobial coatings (leveraging CuO’s biocidal properties) and photovoltaic devices, where CuO’s bandgap (~1.2 eV) improves light absorption. Agricultural formulations also incorporate CuO particles as micronutrient supplements and fungicides, though dosage control is critical to avoid phytotoxicity.
Safety and Storage
CuO particles pose moderate health risks, primarily through inhalation of dust, which may cause respiratory irritation. OSHA recommends a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 mg/m³ for copper fumes. Work areas should employ local exhaust ventilation, and personnel must wear NIOSH-approved N95 masks, gloves, and safety goggles. Storage requires airtight containers with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption, which can lead to caking. Incompatible materials include strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) and reducing agents. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste under local regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers that provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) and certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity (≥99% for electronics grade), particle size distribution (D50), and heavy metal content. Bulk purchases (100+ kg) often qualify for discounts, but verify logistics conditions—some carriers classify CuO as hazardous goods. For niche applications like catalysis, request custom surface area (BET) and porosity specifications. Spot-check deliveries for consistency in color and granule morphology. Reliable manufacturers include U.S.-based Sigma-Aldrich and regional producers like China’s Jiangsu Teho Metal & Material Co., with lead times of 2–4 weeks for tailored orders.
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