Overview
Calcium hydroxide compound is an inorganic chemical with the formula Ca(OH)₂. It is produced by adding water to calcium oxide (quicklime) in a process called slaking. This exothermic reaction yields a fine white powder that has been used for centuries in various applications. The compound is commercially available in several forms including powder, putty, and slurry. Its versatility stems from its alkaline nature and reactivity with acids and carbon dioxide. Industrial production methods ensure consistent quality for construction, environmental, and manufacturing applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Calcium hydroxide appears as a white, odorless powder with a slightly bitter taste. It has a density of 2.21 g/cm³ and decomposes at 580°C rather than boiling. The compound is only slightly soluble in water (0.173 g/100 mL at 20°C), forming a solution known as limewater. Chemically, it is a strong base that reacts vigorously with acids in neutralization reactions. When exposed to air, it gradually absorbs carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. This carbonation process is fundamental to its use in construction materials where it contributes to hardening and strength development.
Main Applications
In construction, calcium hydroxide is essential for making mortar, plaster, and whitewash. It reacts with carbon dioxide over time to form calcium carbonate, creating durable structures. The water treatment industry uses it for pH adjustment, water softening, and as a flocculant in wastewater treatment. Other significant applications include food preparation (nixtamalization of corn), paper manufacturing, and sugar refining. In chemical production, it serves as a precursor to other calcium compounds and as a neutralizing agent in various industrial processes. The compound also finds use in dentistry and medicine for its antimicrobial properties.
Safety and Storage
As a strong alkali, calcium hydroxide requires careful handling. It can cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and dust masks should be worn when handling the dry powder or concentrated solutions. Storage conditions are critical - the compound should be kept in airtight containers in dry, cool areas away from acids and moisture. Bulk storage requires lined silos to prevent reaction with metal surfaces. Shelf life is typically 1-2 years when properly stored, though it may absorb atmospheric CO₂ over time.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring calcium hydroxide compound, industrial buyers should first determine the required purity level based on application - food-grade (98%+ purity) for edible applications versus 90-95% for construction uses. Bulk purchases (typically by metric ton) offer significant cost savings over small-quantity orders. Key procurement considerations include verifying supplier certifications (ISO standards), testing for impurities (especially magnesium and iron compounds), and evaluating packaging options (multi-wall paper bags for powder, tankers for slurry). Lead times may vary seasonally, particularly for construction-grade products during peak building periods.
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