Overview
Coagulase is an enzyme produced primarily by Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium responsible for various infections in humans and animals. This enzyme plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus by converting fibrinogen into fibrin, leading to clot formation. The clotting mechanism helps the bacteria evade the host immune system and establish infections. Coagulase is widely utilized in clinical and research laboratories to differentiate pathogenic staphylococci from non-pathogenic strains. The enzyme's activity is a key diagnostic marker, making it essential in microbiological testing. Its ability to clot plasma is the basis for the coagulase test, a standard procedure in bacterial identification.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Coagulase is typically available as a liquid solution or lyophilized powder, depending on its intended use. The enzyme is soluble in water and exhibits optimal activity under physiological conditions. Its molecular structure allows it to interact with prothrombin, forming a complex that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. While the exact molecular weight and structure may vary depending on the bacterial strain, coagulase generally functions as a monomer or dimer. Its activity can be influenced by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors. Stability is maintained at low temperatures, with long-term storage recommended at -20°C.
Main Applications
The primary application of coagulase is in microbiological diagnostics, where it is used to identify pathogenic Staphylococcus species. The coagulase test is a simple yet effective method to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococci, which are typically coagulase-negative. Beyond diagnostics, coagulase is studied in research settings to understand bacterial virulence mechanisms. Its role in biofilm formation and immune evasion makes it a target for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, coagulase is used in biotechnology for fibrin clot formation in various experimental protocols.
Safety and Storage
Coagulase derived from pathogenic strains of S. aureus should be handled with caution due to its potential biohazard risk. Laboratory personnel must follow biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) practices when working with this enzyme, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper waste disposal methods. For storage, coagulase should be kept at -20°C to maintain its stability and activity. Lyophilized forms are preferred for long-term storage, as they are less prone to degradation. Reconstituted solutions should be used promptly or stored in aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring coagulase for industrial or research purposes, it is essential to consider the source, purity, and intended application. Suppliers should provide detailed documentation, including the enzyme's origin, activity level, and any potential contaminants. Prices for coagulase vary based on purity and formulation, with lyophilized powders generally costing more due to their stability. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but buyers should ensure proper storage conditions to maintain product integrity. Reputable suppliers with certifications for biological products are recommended to guarantee quality and consistency.
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