Clinical Trial Material
Overview
Chlorothalonil Technical Material (CTM) is a non-systemic, protective fungicide belonging to the chloronitrile class. First registered in the 1960s, it remains one of the most widely used agricultural fungicides globally due to its broad-spectrum activity against fungal pathogens. CTM works by inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth through disruption of cellular respiration. Its multi-site action mechanism makes resistance development unlikely compared to single-site fungicides. The compound is classified as a WHO Class II (moderately hazardous) pesticide with low acute mammalian toxicity but requires careful handling due to potential environmental persistence.
Physical and Chemical Properties
CTM appears as a white to light gray crystalline powder with a faint aromatic odor. It demonstrates remarkable thermal stability with a melting point of 250-251°C but decomposes at higher temperatures without boiling. The compound's low water solubility (0.6 mg/L at 25°C) and high octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow = 2.92) indicate strong hydrophobic characteristics. This property necessitates formulation with surfactants or organic solvents for agricultural applications. CTM remains stable under normal storage conditions but may decompose when exposed to strong alkalis or ultraviolet radiation over extended periods.
Main Applications
In agriculture, CTM serves as a key protectant fungicide for over 100 crops including potatoes (against late blight), peanuts (leaf spot), tomatoes (early blight), and turf grasses (dollar spot). Application rates typically range from 1.0-2.5 kg active ingredient per hectare depending on crop and disease pressure. Beyond agriculture, CTM finds use in industrial applications as a wood preservative and paint fungicide. Some formulations are registered for non-crop uses on golf courses and ornamental plantings. The global market for CTM exceeds 20,000 metric tons annually, with major production centers in China, India, and the United States.
Safety and Storage
CTM requires careful handling as prolonged exposure may cause skin/eye irritation and respiratory distress. Always use personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and NIOSH-approved respirators during mixing/application. Store in original containers away from food/feed in well-ventilated areas at temperatures below 35°C. Avoid contamination of water sources as CTM demonstrates high toxicity to aquatic organisms (LC50 for fish < 0.1 mg/L). In case of spillage, contain with inert absorbents and dispose according to local regulations. Many jurisdictions require special permits for CTM disposal due to its environmental persistence.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing CTM, prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and proper pesticide manufacturing licenses. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥96%), moisture content (≤0.5%), and acidity (≤0.3% as H2SO4). Bulk shipments typically come in 25kg woven bags with polyethylene liners or 200kg fiber drums. For international trade, ensure all shipments comply with relevant regulations (e.g., EPA in the US, EC No 1107/2009 in EU). Consider ordering well before peak seasons (typically Q1-Q2 for Northern Hemisphere agriculture) as production capacity may become constrained. Always request Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and Certificate of Analysis (CoA) with each shipment.
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