Overview
CK45 (C45 or 1.0503) is a medium carbon steel grade standardized under EN 10083-2. It is widely recognized in Europe and Asia for its balanced mechanical properties, making it a versatile choice for engineering applications. The steel contains approximately 0.42-0.50% carbon, offering a blend of strength, ductility, and machinability. Unlike high-carbon steels, CK45 is less brittle and easier to machine, while still providing sufficient hardness for wear-resistant parts. It is commonly supplied in hot-rolled, cold-drawn, or quenched and tempered conditions, depending on the intended use. Its adaptability to heat treatment (e.g., hardening, annealing) further expands its utility in industrial settings.
Physical and Chemical Properties
CK45 exhibits a density of 7.85 g/cm³, typical for carbon steels, and a melting range of 1420-1460°C. Its tensile strength ranges from 570-700 MPa after heat treatment, with a Brinell hardness of 170-210 HB in the normalized state. The steel’s sulfur and phosphorus content is controlled to minimize brittleness. Chemically, CK45 is primarily iron (Fe) with carbon (C) as the main alloying element. Trace amounts of manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and chromium (Cr) may be present to enhance specific properties. Its machinability rating is approximately 60% (compared to 100% for free-cutting steels), requiring appropriate tooling for efficient processing.
Main Applications
CK45 is extensively used in mechanical engineering for load-bearing components such as crankshafts, connecting rods, and gear shafts. Its moderate carbon content allows for surface hardening (e.g., induction hardening), making it suitable for parts requiring wear resistance at the surface and toughness at the core. Other applications include hydraulic cylinders, spindles, and fasteners. In construction, it serves as a material for bolts and structural supports where high weldability and strength are needed. Automotive and tooling industries also utilize CK45 for dies and molds after appropriate heat treatment.
Safety and Storage
When machining CK45, use coolant to reduce dust and avoid overheating, which can alter material properties. Personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and goggles is mandatory to prevent injuries from sharp edges or flying chips. Storage should prioritize dryness to prevent oxidation. Apply anti-rust coatings or store in climate-controlled warehouses if long-term preservation is required. Avoid stacking heavy materials directly on CK45 bars to prevent deformation or surface damage.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and material test reports (MTRs) confirming compliance with EN 10083-2. Key procurement considerations include: 1. **Form and Size**: Specify dimensions (e.g., round bars, flat bars) and tolerances. 2. **Heat Treatment**: Clarify whether the material is supplied annealed, normalized, or quenched and tempered. 3. **Surface Quality**: Inspect for cracks, scales, or inclusions that could affect performance. 4. **Batch Consistency**: Request mill certificates to ensure uniform properties across orders.
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