Overview
Citric Acid Fatty Acid Glycerides, commonly known as CITREM, are synthetic emulsifiers derived from the esterification of citric acid with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. These compounds are particularly valued in industrial applications for their ability to stabilize both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. First developed in the mid-20th century, these emulsifiers have become essential in food processing and cosmetic manufacturing. Their amphiphilic nature allows them to reduce surface tension between immiscible phases, making them versatile ingredients in complex formulations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The physical properties of Citric Acid Fatty Acid Glycerides vary depending on the specific fatty acid composition and degree of esterification. Typically, they appear as viscous liquids or waxy solids with a pale yellow to amber coloration. Their melting point range makes them suitable for both room temperature and heated applications. Chemically, these compounds exhibit excellent stability under processing conditions, including high temperatures encountered in baking and extrusion processes. The presence of citric acid moieties provides some antioxidant properties, which can help extend the shelf life of products containing these emulsifiers.
Main Applications
In the food industry, Citric Acid Fatty Acid Glycerides serve multiple functions including dough conditioning in baked goods, emulsion stabilization in margarines and spreads, and texture improvement in processed meats. Their ability to interact with starch molecules makes them particularly valuable in starch-based systems. The cosmetic industry utilizes these emulsifiers in creams, lotions, and makeup products where they provide stable emulsions and pleasant skin feel. Pharmaceutical applications include their use as solubilizers and bioavailability enhancers for poorly soluble active ingredients.
Safety and Storage
Regulatory agencies including the FDA and EFSA have approved Citric Acid Fatty Acid Glycerides for food use within specified limits. They are generally considered non-toxic and non-irritating, though concentrated forms may cause mild eye or skin irritation. Proper storage involves keeping the material in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which could lead to hydrolysis of the ester bonds. Storage temperatures should generally not exceed 40°C to maintain product integrity over extended periods.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Citric Acid Fatty Acid Glycerides, industrial buyers should specify the required Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value, which determines the emulsifier's suitability for specific applications. Food-grade certifications (such as Kosher or Halal) should be verified if required for the end product. Bulk purchases typically offer cost advantages, with common packaging options including 25kg bags or 200kg drums. Technical datasheets should be requested to confirm specifications such as acid value, peroxide value, and fatty acid composition.
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