Overview
Chlorpropham (CIPC) is an organochlorine compound primarily used as a plant growth regulator and sprout suppressant in agriculture. Developed in the 1950s, it has become the most widely used chemical for preventing potato sprouting during storage. Its selective herbicidal properties also make it useful for weed control in certain crops. As a carbamate herbicide, chlorpropham works by inhibiting cell division in plants. It is particularly effective on meristematic tissues, making it ideal for sprout suppression. The compound is registered for agricultural use in many countries, though regulations vary regarding application rates and residue limits.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chlorpropham appears as white to light brown crystals with a faint aromatic odor. It has moderate volatility with a vapor pressure of 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ mmHg at 25°C. The compound is stable under normal temperatures and pressures but decomposes when heated above 247°C, producing toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride. Chemically, chlorpropham is a chlorinated carbamate ester. The chlorine atom at the para position of the phenyl ring contributes to its biological activity. Its solubility characteristics make it suitable for formulation as emulsifiable concentrates, aerosols, or thermal fogging preparations for industrial potato storage applications.
Main Applications
The primary use of chlorpropham is as a potato sprout suppressant in commercial storage facilities, where it can extend shelf life by 6-9 months. Applied as a thermal fog or aerosol, it prevents sprouting by inhibiting cell division in the potato eyes. Typical application rates range from 15-50 mg/kg of potatoes, depending on storage duration. Secondary applications include selective weed control in alfalfa, lentils, and certain other crops. In non-agricultural settings, chlorpropham has been used as a growth regulator for turf grass and ornamental plants. Industrial formulations often combine CIPC with other sprout inhibitors like maleic hydrazide for enhanced performance.
Safety and Storage
Chlorpropham is classified as harmful if swallowed (H302) and causes skin/eye irritation (H315/H319). Proper PPE including gloves, goggles, and respirators should be used when handling concentrated formulations. The compound is moderately toxic to aquatic life and should be prevented from entering waterways. For storage, keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated area away from food and feed. Bulk quantities should be stored on pallets in a dedicated chemical storage facility with spill containment measures. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years when stored properly in original containers protected from moisture and extreme temperatures.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring chlorpropham, verify the technical grade purity (typically 98-99%) and request a certificate of analysis. Industrial buyers should confirm the product meets relevant regional specifications - EU standards differ from EPA requirements, for example. Consider application method when choosing between powder, liquid, or fogging formulations. For large agricultural operations, purchasing in bulk (500kg+ drums) offers cost advantages. However, smaller operations may prefer pre-mixed fogging solutions despite higher unit costs. Always confirm the supplier can provide Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and proper transport documentation, as chlorpropham is regulated under international chemical transport regulations.
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