Overview
Chlorotoxin is a 36-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deathstalker scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus). It selectively binds to chloride channels and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), making it valuable in oncology research. Initially discovered for its neurotoxic effects, chlorotoxin is now repurposed for targeting gliomas and other cancers due to its specificity for tumor cells. Its small size and stability facilitate conjugation with imaging agents or therapeutic payloads.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chlorotoxin is a disulfide-rich peptide with four cross-linked bonds, contributing to its structural stability. It remains active in physiological conditions (pH 7–8) and resists enzymatic degradation. The peptide’s solubility in aqueous solutions simplifies laboratory handling, but its sensitivity to light and temperature fluctuations necessitates strict storage protocols. Analytical methods like HPLC and mass spectrometry are used to confirm purity and molecular weight.
Main Applications
In medicine, chlorotoxin is studied for tumor imaging and targeted drug delivery. It binds to glioma cells with high specificity, enabling precision in diagnostics (e.g., fluorescent probes) and therapy (e.g., toxin conjugates). Beyond oncology, research explores its role in inhibiting chloride channels in neurological disorders. Its applications extend to veterinary medicine and biodefense due to its unique mechanism of action.
Safety and Storage
Chlorotoxin requires biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) handling due to its toxicity. Use PPE (gloves, lab coats) and avoid aerosolization. Spills should be neutralized with absorbent materials and disposed of as hazardous waste. Long-term storage demands lyophilization at -20°C in airtight, light-proof containers. Reconstituted solutions are stable for ≤1 week at 4°C. Suppliers typically provide stability data sheets for batch-specific guidance.
B2B Procurement Guide
Procure chlorotoxin from accredited suppliers specializing in research peptides. Key criteria include HPLC purity (>95%), low endotoxin levels (<1 EU/mg), and detailed COA (Certificate of Analysis). Bulk orders (10+ mg) may qualify for discounts, but confirm cold-chain logistics. For therapeutic use, ensure compliance with FDA/EMA regulations. Sample testing via third-party labs is recommended for high-stakes applications.
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