Overview
Chloroethane, also known as ethyl chloride, is a simple haloalkane with the chemical formula C2H5Cl. It is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature and pressure, but is commonly stored and transported as a liquefied gas under slight pressure. The compound has been used industrially since the early 20th century, initially as a refrigerant and later finding applications as a solvent and chemical intermediate. In medical applications, chloroethane was historically used as a topical anesthetic due to its rapid evaporation causing localized cooling. While its medical use has declined, it remains important in industrial applications, particularly as a precursor in chemical synthesis and as a blowing agent in foam production.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chloroethane is a highly volatile compound with a boiling point of just 12.3°C, meaning it readily evaporates at room temperature. The liquid form has a density of about 0.897 g/cm³, making it less dense than water. Its sweet, ethereal odor is detectable at concentrations as low as 4.2 ppm. The compound is slightly soluble in water (0.57 g/100 mL at 20°C) but mixes well with most organic solvents including ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. Chemically, chloroethane is relatively stable but can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, making it useful in organic synthesis. Its flammability range in air is 3.8-15.4% by volume, requiring careful handling.
Main Applications
The primary industrial use of chloroethane is as a chemical intermediate in the production of other compounds, most notably tetraethyllead (though this application has declined due to environmental regulations). It serves as an ethylating agent in various organic syntheses. In refrigeration systems, chloroethane was historically important as R-160 refrigerant. As a solvent, it finds use in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and resins. The compound's rapid evaporation makes it valuable for surface cooling applications, though safer alternatives are increasingly preferred. Smaller quantities are used in the production of cellulose esters and ethylcellulose, important materials in coatings and films.
Safety and Storage
Chloroethane requires careful handling due to its flammability and potential health effects. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers in cool, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and oxidizing materials. Cylinders should be stored upright and protected from physical damage. Exposure can cause dizziness, nausea, and at high concentrations, central nervous system depression. Skin contact with the liquid can cause frostbite due to rapid evaporation. Proper personal protective equipment including gloves and eye protection is essential when handling. In case of large spills, eliminate all ignition sources and evacuate the area, using appropriate respiratory protection if vapor concentrations are significant.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring chloroethane industrially, key considerations include required purity (typically 99% or higher for most applications), packaging options (cylinders or bulk quantities), and transportation logistics due to its hazardous classification. Reputable suppliers should provide proper safety documentation including SDS. Price varies based on quantity and purity, with bulk purchases offering cost advantages. Consider supplier reliability, delivery capabilities, and technical support. For certain applications, alternatives with lower flammability or toxicity may be worth evaluating. Always verify that the supplier meets all regulatory requirements for handling and transportation of hazardous chemicals.
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