Overview
Chlorobutanol (C4H7Cl3O) is a versatile chemical compound widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It serves as a preservative, sedative, and antimicrobial agent, ensuring product stability and safety. Its ability to inhibit microbial growth makes it valuable in injectable solutions, eye drops, and topical formulations. First synthesized in the late 19th century, chlorobutanol has since become a staple in medical and cosmetic applications. Its dual functionality as both a preservative and a mild sedative distinguishes it from other additives, offering unique benefits for formulations requiring sterility and patient comfort.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chlorobutanol appears as a white crystalline powder with a characteristic camphor-like odor. It has a molecular weight of 177.46 g/mol and a density of 1.42 g/cm³. The compound sublimes at 167°C and melts between 95-97°C, making it stable under typical storage conditions. Its solubility profile includes high solubility in organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and chloroform, but limited solubility in water. This property influences its formulation in aqueous solutions, often requiring co-solvents for optimal dispersion. The compound's stability in neutral and slightly acidic conditions enhances its utility in diverse pharmaceutical preparations.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, chlorobutanol is primarily used as a preservative in injectable medications, ophthalmic solutions, and nasal sprays. Its antimicrobial properties help extend shelf life by preventing bacterial and fungal contamination. Additionally, its mild sedative effects make it suitable for use in cough syrups and other formulations where calming effects are desired. The cosmetic industry employs chlorobutanol in products like creams, lotions, and ointments to prevent spoilage. Its compatibility with a wide range of ingredients and its effectiveness at low concentrations (typically 0.1-0.5%) make it a cost-effective choice for manufacturers seeking reliable preservation without compromising product quality.
Safety and Storage
Chlorobutanol requires careful handling due to its potential to cause skin and respiratory irritation. Workers should use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and masks, when handling the compound. Adequate ventilation is essential to minimize inhalation risks. For storage, chlorobutanol should be kept in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture. Containers must be tightly sealed to prevent sublimation and contamination. Bulk quantities are typically stored in polyethylene or glass containers to maintain purity and prevent degradation over time.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring chlorobutanol, B2B buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications for pharmaceutical-grade materials, such as USP or EP compliance. Key specifications to verify include CAS number (57-15-8), purity (typically ≥98%), and residual solvent levels. Price negotiations often depend on order volume, with discounts available for bulk purchases. Buyers should also assess logistical factors, such as packaging options (e.g., 25 kg drums vs. smaller quantities) and lead times, to align with production schedules. Establishing long-term supplier relationships can ensure consistent quality and reliable supply chains.
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