Overview
Chlorobenzene intermediate, chemically known as monochlorobenzene, is a versatile aromatic compound derived from benzene through chlorination. It serves as a crucial building block in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Its industrial significance stems from its reactivity, which allows it to participate in various chemical reactions, including nitration, sulfonation, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The compound's stability and relatively low cost make it a preferred choice in large-scale manufacturing processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chlorobenzene is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct almond-like odor. It has a molecular weight of 112.56 g/mol and a density of 1.11 g/cm³ at 20°C. The compound is slightly soluble in water but readily mixes with most organic solvents like ethanol and ether. Its boiling point is 131°C, and it freezes at -45°C. Chlorobenzene is flammable, with a flash point of 29°C, and exhibits moderate toxicity. It is relatively stable under normal conditions but can decompose under extreme heat, releasing toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride.
Main Applications
Chlorobenzene intermediate is primarily used in the synthesis of dyes, where it acts as a precursor for compounds like nitrochlorobenzenes and anilines. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is employed to produce drugs such as antihistamines and antiseptics. The agrochemical sector utilizes chlorobenzene in the manufacture of pesticides, including DDT (though its use is now restricted). Additionally, it serves as a solvent in rubber production and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic chemicals like phenol and diphenyl oxide.
Safety and Storage
Chlorobenzene poses health risks upon inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion, causing symptoms like dizziness, nausea, and skin irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and respirators, is essential when handling this chemical. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers placed in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources. Spills must be contained using inert absorbents, and disposal should comply with local environmental regulations to prevent soil and water contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring chlorobenzene intermediate, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO 9001 or REACH compliance. Key factors to evaluate include purity levels (typically ≥99%), batch consistency, and packaging integrity. Price negotiations should consider bulk purchase discounts, with the current market range approximately $800-$1,200 per metric ton. Logistics planning should account for its flammable nature, requiring hazardous material transportation protocols. Long-term contracts with reliable suppliers can ensure stable supply chains.
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