Chloride Process Titanium Dioxide

Updated: 2026-07-15

Overview

Chloride process titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a premium white pigment produced via the chloride method, which involves chlorinating titanium ore and oxidizing the resulting titanium tetrachloride. This method yields a product with higher purity and better optical properties compared to the sulfate process. TiO2 is renowned for its brightness, opacity, and durability, making it indispensable in industries requiring high-performance pigments. The chloride process is favored for its environmental advantages, as it generates fewer byproducts and consumes less energy. The resulting TiO2 is primarily in the rutile crystalline form, which offers superior weather resistance and UV stability. This makes it ideal for outdoor applications such as architectural coatings and automotive paints.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Chloride process TiO2 exhibits a high refractive index (2.7 for rutile), which contributes to its exceptional opacity and hiding power. It is chemically inert, resistant to acids, alkalis, and solvents, and thermally stable up to 1800°C. The powder is typically fine-grained, with particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 microns, optimized for light scattering. Its insolubility in water and organic solvents ensures longevity in formulated products. The surface of TiO2 particles is often treated with inorganic or organic coatings (e.g., silica, alumina) to enhance dispersibility and compatibility with different matrices, such as polymer systems in plastics or binders in paints.

Main Applications

The primary use of chloride process TiO2 is in paints and coatings, where it provides whiteness, gloss, and protection against UV degradation. It is a key component in high-end architectural paints, automotive finishes, and industrial coatings. In plastics, it improves opacity and color stability for products like PVC window profiles and food packaging. Other applications include paper (as a filler and coating agent), cosmetics (sunscreens due to UV absorption), and ceramics (glaze opacifier). Its non-toxicity allows for use in food-contact materials and pharmaceuticals, subject to regulatory compliance.

Safety and Storage

While TiO2 is generally considered non-toxic, inhalation of fine dust may cause respiratory irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and gloves, is recommended during handling. The powder should be stored in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect dispersibility. Regulatory classifications vary; some jurisdictions classify certain TiO2 forms as potential carcinogens (e.g., EU Category 2 inhalation hazard). Always consult Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and local regulations. Spills should be cleaned with dry methods to avoid dust generation.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring chloride process TiO2, prioritize suppliers with ISO certifications and consistent quality control. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥98% TiO2), particle size distribution (measured via laser diffraction), and surface treatment type (e.g., alumina for paint compatibility). Bulk purchases (20+ metric tons) often qualify for discounts. Consider regional logistics—China and North America are major production hubs. Sample testing is advised to confirm performance in your specific application. Long-term contracts may hedge against price volatility linked to titanium ore and energy costs.