Overview
Chloral, or trichloroacetaldehyde, is a significant industrial chemical with a molecular formula of C2HCl3O. It is primarily synthesized through the chlorination of acetaldehyde. Known for its reactivity, chloral serves as a precursor in the manufacture of various chemicals, including pesticides like DDT and pharmaceuticals such as sedatives. Due to its toxic and corrosive nature, chloral requires stringent handling protocols. It is typically stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent exposure to moisture and air, which can lead to decomposition. Industrial use of chloral is regulated to ensure worker safety and environmental protection.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Chloral is a colorless, oily liquid with a pungent odor. It has a density of 1.51 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 97.8°C. The compound is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, making it versatile for various chemical reactions. Chloral is highly reactive, particularly with reducing agents and bases, which can lead to hazardous reactions. Its stability is compromised by exposure to light and heat, necessitating storage in cool, dark environments. The compound's toxicity mandates the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during handling.
Main Applications
Chloral is predominantly used in the synthesis of pesticides, including the now-restricted DDT. It also plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical production, particularly in the manufacture of sedatives and hypnotics. Additionally, chloral is employed as an intermediate in organic synthesis, contributing to the production of dyes, resins, and other specialty chemicals. Its reactivity makes it valuable in laboratories for specific chemical transformations, though its use is carefully controlled due to safety concerns.
Safety and Storage
Chloral is classified as toxic and corrosive, requiring strict safety measures. Workers must wear gloves, goggles, and respirators to prevent exposure. Inhalation or skin contact can cause severe irritation, respiratory issues, and systemic toxicity. Storage conditions are critical to maintaining chloral's stability. It should be kept in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames. Containers must be tightly sealed to prevent leakage and contamination. Emergency protocols, including spill containment and first aid measures, should be clearly outlined in workplaces handling chloral.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring chloral, industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with verified safety and quality certifications. Key considerations include the compound's purity, typically 98% or higher, and its CAS number (75-87-6) to ensure authenticity. Bulk purchases may offer cost advantages, but buyers must assess storage capabilities to handle large quantities safely. Pricing varies based on market demand and supplier location, with reference prices ranging from $5 to $10 per kilogram. Long-term contracts with reliable suppliers can mitigate price volatility and ensure consistent supply.
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