Chitooligosaccharide[2]
Overview
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a low-molecular-weight derivative of chitosan, produced through enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis. It consists of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units. Unlike chitosan, COS is water-soluble and exhibits enhanced bioactivity, making it valuable in diverse industries. Its biocompatibility and biodegradability align with sustainable practices, driving demand in agriculture, healthcare, and personal care. COS is synthesized under controlled conditions to achieve specific degrees of polymerization (DP), which influence its functional properties.
Physical and Chemical Properties
COS appears as a white to light yellow powder with no discernible odor. It is highly soluble in water due to its shorter polymer chains, unlike chitosan, which requires acidic conditions for dissolution. The compound is stable at room temperature but may degrade under prolonged exposure to high temperatures or extreme pH. Key chemical properties include its polycationic nature, which enables interactions with negatively charged molecules like proteins and lipids. This characteristic underpins its antimicrobial and chelating abilities. The molecular weight distribution (typically 300-5000 Da) and degree of acetylation (DA) are critical quality parameters affecting performance.
Main Applications
In agriculture, COS acts as an elicitor to enhance plant immunity and growth, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. It is also used in animal feed to improve gut health. The food industry employs COS as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial properties against pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella. Pharmaceutical applications include drug delivery systems, wound healing dressings, and immune modulators. In cosmetics, COS is valued for its moisturizing and anti-aging effects. Emerging research explores its potential in water treatment and bio-based materials.
Safety and Storage
COS is classified as non-toxic and biodegradable, with no significant environmental hazards. However, dust inhalation should be avoided during handling. Storage in airtight containers under cool, dry conditions (below 25°C) is recommended to prevent moisture absorption and clumping. Regulatory status varies by region; in the U.S., it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for specific uses. Always consult Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and comply with local regulations for industrial-scale handling. Shelf life typically exceeds two years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing COS, prioritize suppliers who provide detailed specifications, including degree of polymerization (DP), purity (>90%), and solubility. Certifications like ISO 9001 or GMP ensure consistent quality. Request batch-specific analytical reports (e.g., HPLC for molecular weight distribution). Bulk pricing is often negotiable for orders exceeding 100 kg. Consider logistics: COS is hygroscopic, so moisture-proof packaging is essential for long-distance shipping. Sample testing is advisable to verify compatibility with your application. Leading suppliers are concentrated in China, Japan, and Europe.
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