Overview
Cell Surface Antigen 2 (CSAG2) is a protein encoded by the CSAG2 gene, belonging to the cancer/testis antigen family. It is primarily expressed in germ cells and certain malignancies, making it a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. The protein plays a role in cellular adhesion and immune system evasion, contributing to tumor progression. CSAG2 has garnered attention in biomedical research due to its restricted expression pattern and immunogenicity. Its overexpression in cancers like melanoma and lung carcinoma suggests diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Research-grade CSAG2 is commonly used in ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry assays.
Physical and Chemical Properties
CSAG2 is a moderately sized protein with a molecular weight ranging between 20-25 kDa, depending on post-translational modifications. It is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder or sterile liquid solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The protein is stable at neutral pH (6.0-8.0) but may degrade under extreme conditions. Solubility is optimal in aqueous buffers, with recommended reconstitution in PBS or Tris-HCl. Analytical techniques like mass spectrometry confirm its amino acid sequence, while circular dichroism reveals secondary structural elements critical for antigen-antibody interactions.
Main Applications
In oncology research, CSAG2 serves as a biomarker for detecting minimal residual disease in testicular cancers and melanomas. Its immunogenic properties make it a candidate for dendritic cell vaccines and T-cell therapies. Pharmaceutical companies explore CSAG2-derived peptides for personalized cancer vaccines. The protein is also utilized in diagnostic kit development, particularly for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of tumor biopsies. Researchers employ recombinant CSAG2 to generate monoclonal antibodies, which are then validated for specificity and affinity in preclinical models.
Safety and Storage
CSAG2 is classified as a Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1) material, posing minimal risk to healthy adults. Standard laboratory precautions include wearing gloves and eye protection when handling. Avoid inhalation of lyophilized powder; use fume hoods if aerosolization is possible. For storage, maintain lyophilized samples at -20°C in airtight containers with desiccants. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can cause protein degradation. Discard unused portions after 1-2 weeks when stored at 4°C.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring CSAG2 for research or industrial use, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for consistent quality. Request certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity (SDS-PAGE/Coomassie), endotoxin levels (<1 EU/μg), and sterility testing results. Bulk purchases (10+ mg) may qualify for discounted pricing, but verify batch-to-batch consistency. Consider lead times (typically 4-6 weeks for custom recombinant production) and cold chain logistics for international shipments. Some vendors offer conjugation services (e.g., biotinylation) for assay optimization.
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