Overview
Catechu powder is a traditional extract obtained by boiling and evaporating the heartwood of Acacia catechu trees, native to South Asia. Historically used in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, it now serves industrial purposes due to its high tannin concentration. The production involves controlled decoction and sun-drying processes to preserve active compounds. Its distinctive astringent taste and reddish-brown color make it identifiable in both raw material and processed forms.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a complex polyphenolic compound, catechu powder contains catechins (25–35%) and condensed tannins (40–60%), giving it strong binding and antioxidant properties. Its pH ranges from 3.5 to 4.5 in aqueous solutions. The powder exhibits hygroscopicity, requiring moisture-proof packaging. Thermal stability tests show decomposition begins at 200°C without clear melting, typical of plant-derived tannins. Solubility varies by solvent: moderate in hot water (60–70%) but poor in organic solvents except ethanol.
Main Applications
In leather production, catechu powder acts as a vegetable tanning agent, creating flexible and water-resistant hides. The textile industry utilizes it as a natural mordant for cotton dyeing, producing earthy tones. Pharmaceutical applications include anti-diarrheal formulations and throat lozenges, leveraging its astringency. Recent research explores its potential in biodegradable adhesives and corrosion inhibitors due to polyphenol cross-linking properties.
Safety and Storage
While generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for topical and limited oral use, prolonged inhalation of catechu dust may cause respiratory irritation. OSHA recommends P2 respirators for bulk handling. Storage requires protection from humidity (max 65% RH) and temperatures below 30°C to prevent clumping. Shelf life extends to 2–3 years in aluminum-lined bags with oxygen absorbers. Incompatible with strong oxidizers and alkaline substances.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers providing HPLC-verified tannin content certificates, typically 50–60% for premium grade. Mesh size (80–100 mesh) affects dissolution rate in applications. Bulk shipments often use 25kg polyethylene-lined sacks. For international trade, check compliance with regional regulations like EU REACH and FDA 21 CFR 172.510. Seasonal availability (harvested November–March) may impact pricing.
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