Overview
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound primarily used for its disinfecting and bleaching properties. As one of the most stable chlorine-based compounds, it offers industrial users the advantage of high available chlorine content (typically 65-70%) while being relatively easy to store and handle compared to liquid chlorine alternatives. The compound has been widely used since the early 20th century for water purification and continues to be essential in modern sanitation systems. The industrial grade calcium hypochlorite differs from domestic versions in its higher concentration and purity. Manufacturers typically produce it through the chlorination of lime slurry, followed by drying processes that create either powder or granular forms suitable for various industrial applications. Its stability and effectiveness make it particularly valuable for large-scale water treatment operations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Calcium hypochlorite appears as a white or slightly gray powder/granules with a characteristic chlorine odor. It has a molecular weight of 142.98 g/mol and decomposes at around 100°C, releasing oxygen and leaving calcium chloride as a residue. The compound is highly soluble in water, with the solution having a strong alkaline pH (typically 10-12). As a strong oxidizing agent, calcium hypochlorite reacts vigorously with many organic compounds and can form explosive mixtures with certain materials. It gradually decomposes in moist air, releasing chlorine gas. The available chlorine content, which determines its effectiveness as a disinfectant, decreases over time when exposed to heat, moisture, or sunlight, making proper storage conditions critical.
Main Applications
The primary use of industrial calcium hypochlorite is in water treatment facilities for drinking water purification and wastewater disinfection. Municipal water plants value its ability to destroy pathogens effectively while leaving minimal residue. Swimming pool operators commonly use it for shock treatments and routine maintenance due to its stability and ease of dosing. Other significant applications include bleaching in the textile and paper industries, where it serves as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite. In emergency situations, calcium hypochlorite tablets are used for portable water purification. The compound also finds use in food processing equipment sanitation and as a disinfectant in agriculture for livestock housing and equipment cleaning.
Safety and Storage
Calcium hypochlorite requires careful handling due to its oxidizing properties and potential to release toxic chlorine gas. Workers should use proper PPE including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection when handling the chemical, especially in powder form. Storage areas must be cool, dry, well-ventilated, and separated from organic materials, acids, and ammonia compounds. The compound should be kept in its original, tightly sealed containers away from direct sunlight and moisture. Large quantities are typically stored in specially designed rooms with non-reactive flooring and fire suppression systems suitable for oxidizers. Spills should be contained and cleaned promptly using appropriate absorbents, never with organic materials that could react violently.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify the required available chlorine content (typically 65-70% for industrial grade), physical form (powder or granules), and packaging requirements. Standard packaging includes 45kg or 50kg drums, 1000kg super sacks, or bulk deliveries for large-scale users. Moisture content below 5-10% is preferable for better stability. Quality certifications such as NSF/ANSI Standard 60 for drinking water treatment chemicals are important for water treatment applications. Buyers should request current certificates of analysis and consider suppliers with ISO 9001 certification. For international shipments, proper hazardous materials documentation and UN-approved packaging (UN 2880 for hydrated form) are essential. Long-term contracts with price adjustment clauses can help manage price volatility in the chlorine market.
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