Overview
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), commonly called slaked lime, is a versatile inorganic compound produced by hydrating calcium oxide (quicklime). It has been used since ancient times in construction and agriculture due to its alkaline properties and binding ability. In modern industry, it serves as a cost-effective chemical for pH adjustment, flocculation in water treatment, and as a precursor in manufacturing cement, paper, and sugar. Its food-grade form (E526) is also used in pickling and corn processing.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Calcium hydroxide appears as a fine white powder or colorless crystals with a density of 2.211 g/cm³. It is sparingly soluble in water (1.73 g/L at 20°C), forming a strongly alkaline solution (pH ~12.4). The compound decomposes at 580°C into calcium oxide and water. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (carbonation), a key process in mortar hardening. Its solubility decreases with temperature, unlike most solids.
Main Applications
Construction: As a binder in mortar, plaster, and whitewash, calcium hydroxide carbonates over time to strengthen structures. It also stabilizes soil in road construction. Water Treatment: Neutralizes acidic wastewater and precipitates heavy metals as hydroxides. In sugar refining, it clarifies juice by removing impurities. Other uses include leather tanning, flue-gas desulfurization, and as a food additive (E526) for pH control in beverages and pickling.
Safety and Storage
Calcium hydroxide is corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tissues. Always use gloves, goggles, and dust masks when handling. In case of contact, rinse affected areas with plenty of water. Store in sealed containers away from moisture and acidic vapors. Bulk storage requires silos with CO₂ barriers to prevent carbonation. Shelf life is typically 1-2 years if kept dry.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial-grade calcium hydroxide should have a purity ≥90% (measured by Ca(OH)₂ content). Food-grade must comply with FCC or EU E526 standards. Procure in 25kg woven bags with polyethylene liners or bulk shipments for large-scale use. Key suppliers include chemical distributors and lime manufacturers. Prices fluctuate based on lime market trends; negotiate contracts for stable supply.
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