Overview
Calcium bromide (CaBr₂) is an inorganic salt predominantly produced for industrial applications. Its high density and water solubility make it ideal for oilfield services, where it functions as a clear brine fluid in well-completion operations to stabilize pressure and prevent blowouts. The compound also finds use in niche sectors like photography and fire retardants due to its chemical stability and bromide ion release. Industrial-grade calcium bromide is typically supplied in 25 kg bags or bulk containers, with purity levels ranging from 94% to 97%. Unlike laboratory-grade variants, it may contain trace impurities like chlorides or sulfates, which are tolerable for most industrial processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a hygroscopic solid, calcium bromide readily absorbs moisture from the air, often forming hydrates like CaBr₂·2H₂O or CaBr₂·6H₂O. Its anhydrous form exhibits a cubic crystal structure and dissolves exothermically in water, producing solutions with densities up to 1.7 g/cm³—critical for oilfield applications. The compound decomposes at high temperatures to release bromine vapors, a property leveraged in flame retardancy. It reacts with strong oxidizers and forms complexes with ammonia. Industrial-grade material may exhibit slight discoloration due to iron impurities but maintains functional efficacy in most applications.
Main Applications
In oil and gas, calcium bromide brine solutions (38-52% concentration) serve as completion fluids to control reservoir pressure during drilling. Their high density prevents well collapse while being less corrosive than zinc bromide alternatives. The compound also acts as a phase-change material in refrigeration systems. Other uses include textile flame retardants, where bromine radicals inhibit combustion, and as a bromine source for synthesizing agrochemicals. In photography, it participates in emulsion preparation for lithographic films. Emerging applications explore its role in energy storage and wastewater treatment.
Safety and Storage
Calcium bromide poses moderate health risks, causing skin/eye irritation upon contact and gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Industrial handlers should wear nitrile gloves and goggles, ensuring adequate ventilation to avoid dust inhalation. Spills require containment with inert absorbents like vermiculite. Storage mandates moisture-proof packaging—often double-layered polyethylene bags inside fiber drums. Prolonged exposure to humid air causes caking but doesn’t degrade the chemical. Incompatible materials include strong acids and oxidizing agents. Shelf life exceeds two years when stored below 30°C with relative humidity under 60%.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk buyers should prioritize suppliers offering batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA) detailing purity, moisture content, and heavy metal levels. Spot purchases typically range from 1-25 metric tons, with contracts including incoterms like FOB or CIF for international shipments. Key procurement considerations include logistics—calcium bromide’s hygroscopic nature demands climate-controlled transport. Negotiate pricing based on annual volume commitments; discounts of 5-15% are common for repeat orders. Audit suppliers for ISO 9001 certification and inquire about customization options (e.g., additive blends for specific drilling conditions).
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