Overview
Calcined lime, or quicklime, is produced by thermally decomposing limestone (calcium carbonate) at temperatures above 900°C in a process called calcination. This drives off carbon dioxide, leaving calcium oxide (CaO), a highly reactive alkaline compound. It has been used for centuries in construction, agriculture, and industrial processes due to its versatility and strong chemical properties. Quicklime is commercially available in lump, granular, or powdered forms. Its reactivity with water makes it indispensable for applications requiring heat generation or pH adjustment. Industrial-grade calcined lime typically contains 90-95% CaO, with impurities like silica and magnesium oxide.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Calcined lime is a white to grayish solid with a crystalline structure. It has a high melting point of 2,572°C and reacts vigorously with water in an exothermic process called slaking, producing calcium hydroxide. This reaction releases significant heat (1.15 MJ/kg), making it useful for self-heating applications. The compound is highly alkaline (pH ~12.4 in solution) and reacts with acids to form salts. It absorbs carbon dioxide from the air over time, reverting to calcium carbonate. Its density (3.34 g/cm³) and porosity vary depending on the calcination process. Particle size distribution affects reactivity, with finer powders reacting faster due to increased surface area.
Main Applications
In construction, calcined lime is a key ingredient in mortar, plaster, and soil stabilization. It reacts with pozzolans to form cementitious compounds, improving durability. The steel industry uses it as a flux to remove impurities during smelting, forming slag. Water treatment plants rely on quicklime for pH adjustment and heavy metal removal. It also sterilizes wastewater by raising temperatures during slaking. Chemical manufacturers use it to produce calcium-based compounds like bleaching powder. Other applications include flue gas desulfurization, paper production, and food processing (as a calcium source or acidity regulator).
Safety and Storage
Quicklime is a corrosive substance that can cause severe skin burns and eye damage. Always wear PPE: gloves, goggles, and dust masks. Inhalation of dust may irritate respiratory tracts. Store in moisture-proof containers to prevent unintended slaking, which can generate enough heat to ignite combustible materials. Storage areas should be dry, well-ventilated, and away from acids or organic materials. Bulk storage requires silos with humidity control. Spills should be contained and cleaned with dry methods; water must not be used as it exacerbates reactivity. Firefighting requires dry chemical agents—never use water jets.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing calcined lime, prioritize suppliers with ISO certifications and consistent quality control. Key specifications include CaO content (≥90%), reactivity rate, and particle size distribution. Packaging options range from 25kg bags to bulk tankers for large-scale users. Consider transportation costs, as quicklime is heavy and may require specialized containers to prevent moisture exposure. Request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and certificates of analysis. For steelmaking or chemical applications, low-silica grades are preferable. Establish long-term contracts to mitigate price volatility linked to energy costs for calcination.
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