Cadmium[3]
Overview
Cadmium is a naturally occurring transition metal, often extracted as a byproduct of zinc refining. Discovered in 1817, it is valued for its corrosion resistance and electrochemical properties. Though toxic, it remains critical in niche industrial applications due to its unique characteristics. As a Group 12 element, cadmium shares similarities with zinc and mercury but exhibits distinct reactivity. Its global production is tightly regulated due to environmental concerns, with major producers including China, South Korea, and Canada.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cadmium is malleable and ductile, with a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure. It tarnishes in air, forming a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. The metal exhibits high thermal neutron absorption, making it useful in nuclear reactors. Chemically, cadmium reacts slowly with dilute acids but dissolves readily in nitric acid. It forms divalent compounds (Cd²⁺), with cadmium sulfide (CdS) being a notable yellow pigment. Its vapor pressure becomes significant above 400°C, requiring careful handling during high-temperature processes.
Main Applications
Approximately 80% of cadmium is used in nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, prized for their long cycle life and reliability in backup power systems. Electroplating accounts for 10% of use, providing corrosion-resistant coatings for aerospace and marine components. Cadmium pigments (e.g., CdS/CdSe) offer vibrant yellows and reds in ceramics and plastics. Alloys with copper or silver enhance machinability, while cadmium control rods regulate nuclear fission. Recent restrictions have spurred research into alternatives, though some applications remain irreplaceable.
Safety and Storage
Cadmium poses severe health risks, including kidney damage and lung cancer. OSHA limits airborne exposure to 5 µg/m³ (8-hour TWA). Use NIOSH-approved respirators, gloves, and fume hoods when handling powder or molten cadmium. Store in sealed containers with desiccants to prevent oxidation. Spills require immediate containment with inert absorbents (vermiculite) and professional disposal. International transport follows IMDG/IATA Class 6.1 hazardous material regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific analysis certificates. Key specifications include purity (99.99% for electronics), particle size (for powders), and trace metal content (lead, thallium). Spot prices fluctuate with zinc market trends. Long-term contracts may include clauses for price adjustments. Due to environmental regulations, ensure suppliers comply with EU REACH and US TSCA requirements. Logistics partners must have hazardous material handling permits.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：分光光度计、生物毒性检测仪、残氧分析仪、便携式露点仪、泄漏与密封强度测试仪、电位滴定仪、尘埃粒子计数器、浮游菌采样器、水质在线监测设备、拍打式均质器、闪点测定仪、余氯检测仪、手持式水质检测仪、多普勒流速仪、液液萃取仪、包装密封性测试仪、油气回收三项检测仪、电极法水质检测仪、氨氮总磷检测仪、多参数水质检测仪、紫外可见分光光度计、卡尔费休水分仪、接触角测试仪、全自动凯氏定氮仪、滴定仪
- 主营：红外测油仪、COD消解器、BOD测定仪、水质分析仪、粉尘检测仪、辐射检测仪、溶解氧仪、PH计、土壤养分检测仪、硫化物酸化吹气仪、氮吹仪、蒸馏仪、测氡仪、索氏提取器、浮游菌采样器、大气采样器、颗粒物采样器、尘埃粒子计数器、洗瓶机、分光光度计、水质采样器、微生物限度仪、ATP检测仪、微生物采样器
- 主营：膨松剂、絮凝剂、工业盐、漂白粉、生石灰、葡萄糖、无水硫酸钠、高效复合碱、焦亚硫酸钠、食品级柠檬酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、复合碱、纯碱、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸、一水柠檬酸、无水柠檬酸、复合碳源、碳源、二水氯化钙、高效除磷剂、聚合硅酸铝铁
- 主营：单人防护装备包、个人防护包、移动执法装备、移动执法包、水污染监测设备、红外夜视仪、热成像仪、便携式超声波明渠流量、油烟检测仪、VOC检测仪、qdf-6风速仪、恒流大气采样器、移动源执法设备、在用车尾气分析仪、不透光烟度计、车用氮氧化物分析仪、OBD检测仪、FID检测仪、便携式水质自动采样器、水质快检试剂包、多普勒流量计、转子流速仪、红外气体泄漏检测仪、紫外线强度仪
- 主营：X荧光检测仪、合金检测仪、镀层分析仪、贵金属检测仪、矿石元素分析仪、环保检测、手持式合金检测、RoHS检测仪
- 主营：水质在线监测
- 主营：环乙烷、苯乙烯、丁醇nba、镉锭、二甲苯、缩甲醛、石油醚、燃料油、石脑油、异辛醇、清洗剂、环己烷、溶剂d80、甲缩醛、增塑剂、稀释剂、溶剂油、黄腐酸、正丁醇、工业丁醇、工业酒精、油漆涂料、溴丁烷、辛醇、航空煤油
- 主营：合金靶材、陶瓷靶材、高纯合金靶材、金属靶材、单质金属靶、铜靶材、银靶材、铝靶材、锂靶材、高纯银靶材、镍铜合金靶材、溅射靶、铬靶材、锆靶材、氧化铟镓锌靶材、铱靶材、铂靶材、硫酸钠靶材、二氧化硅靶材、氧化镁靶材、钛铌合金靶材、钼钽合金靶材、碲化锑靶材
- 主营：耐磨涂层、陶瓷喷涂、喷涂碳化钨、耐磨合金刀片、防腐纳米涂层
- 主营：5N高纯钨靶材、高纯钼靶材、4N5N钽靶材、金属钨丝、金属镍粉、3D打印金属粉末、高纯铪靶材、钒靶、ITO氧化铟锡靶材、陶瓷靶材、氮化钛靶材、高熵合金靶材、氮化钽靶材、高温实验蒸发料、高温蒸发镀膜颗粒、铝颗粒、球形钨粉、高纯铟薄片、氧化钛靶材TiO2、磁控溅射绑定靶材、真空蒸发镀膜材料、镀膜材料、六硼化镧靶材、高纯钛粉末
- 主营：水质检测仪、食品安全检测仪、土壤养分分析仪、水质镉检测仪、COD测定仪、红外测油仪、气体检测仪、接触角测量仪、质构仪、原子荧光光度计、紫外分光光度计、蒸馏仪、微波消解仪、多参数水质分析仪
- 主营：单人防护装备、移动执法包、疾控卫生执法装备、食品重金属、移动执法箱个人防护箱、卫生健康行政执法装备、移动源执法监测设备、卫生监督执法装备、职业卫生检测仪器、激光测距仪、工业内窥镜、紫外线辐射强度计、手持式林格曼黑度仪、辐射防护包、在用车尾气检测仪、个人应急防护包、通用车载诊断仪OBD、手持式光离子化检测仪、多参数气体检测仪、FID氢火焰检测仪、PID光离子检测仪、个人剂量报警仪、水质快检试剂包、手持热电风速仪、机动车尾气检测设备、便携式不透光烟度计
- 主营：喷涂镍粉、导电镍粉、球形铁粉、金属硅粉、金属铬粉、金属钨粉、金属锰粉、球形镍粉、稀有硒粉
- 主营：纯铜粉、纯镍粉、纯铬粉、金属钨、碳化钨、钒铁粉、紫铜粉、钛铁粉、钨粉纯、石墨粉、黄铜粉、合金粉、钼铁粉、青铜粉、纯铅粉、球形镍粉、纳米铅粉、电解锡粉、导电镍粉、铬粉用户、激光熔覆、铜粉需要、纳米铜粉、超细钴粉、铜粉预定
- 主营：cod检测仪、实验室水质测定仪、在线氨氮检测仪、重金属检测仪、在线水质监测设备、BOD检测仪、多参数水质检测仪、浊度检测仪、污泥浓度检测仪、COD氨氮总磷总氮测定仪、水产养殖检测仪、在线余氯检测仪、在线PH检测仪、在线悬浮物检测仪、TOC总有机碳分析仪