Overview
Benzonitrile (C6H5CN) is an organic nitrile compound widely utilized in industrial and laboratory settings. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint almond-like odor. The compound is valued for its solvent properties and role as a versatile intermediate in chemical synthesis. Benzonitrile is produced primarily through the ammoxidation of toluene or via the dehydration of benzamide. Its chemical stability and reactivity make it a key component in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Benzonitrile exhibits a density of 1.0 g/cm³ at 25°C and a boiling point of 191°C. It is sparingly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents, including ethanol, ether, and acetone. The compound's nitrile group (-CN) lends it reactivity in nucleophilic addition and reduction reactions. Its moderate toxicity necessitates careful handling, as it can cause irritation upon contact with skin, eyes, or respiratory systems. Benzonitrile's stability under normal conditions makes it suitable for long-term storage if kept away from strong oxidizers and heat sources.
Main Applications
Benzonitrile serves as a solvent in high-performance applications, such as lithium-ion battery electrolytes and polymer processing. It is also a critical intermediate in synthesizing benzoguanamine, a precursor to resins and plastics. In the pharmaceutical industry, benzonitrile derivatives are used to produce antihypertensive drugs and antifungal agents. Agrochemical manufacturers employ it in the synthesis of herbicides and insecticides. Additionally, it finds use in dye production and as a stabilizer in specialty chemical formulations.
Safety and Storage
Benzonitrile requires strict safety measures due to its harmful effects. Inhalation or ingestion can lead to nausea, dizziness, or respiratory distress. Always use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respirators, when handling. Store benzonitrile in tightly sealed containers made of glass or approved plastics, away from heat and oxidizing agents. Ensure storage areas are well-ventilated and equipped with spill containment measures. In case of exposure, seek immediate medical attention and refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for specific first-aid guidelines.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring benzonitrile, prioritize suppliers with ISO or GMP certifications to ensure product quality. Key specifications to verify include purity (typically ≥99%), water content, and absence of impurities like benzene or toluene. Bulk purchases (e.g., drums or IBCs) often offer cost advantages, with prices ranging from $50-$100/kg. Request samples for lab testing before large orders. Logistics should account for hazardous material regulations, including proper labeling and transportation documentation.
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