Overview
Butyl formate is an ester derived from formic acid and n-butanol, primarily used as an industrial solvent due to its fast evaporation rate and compatibility with resins. It is favored in coatings and printing inks for its ability to improve flow and drying properties. In the food industry, it serves as a synthetic flavoring agent, imparting fruity notes to products like candies and beverages. Its low toxicity (when used appropriately) makes it suitable for regulated applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Butyl formate is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic fruity odor. Its low boiling point (107°C) and density (0.89 g/cm³) make it ideal for solvent blends requiring rapid evaporation. The compound is hydrophobic but exhibits limited solubility in water (2.5 g/L at 20°C). Chemically, it reacts with strong oxidizers and bases, necessitating careful handling. Its vapor is heavier than air, posing flash-fire risks if accumulated in confined spaces. Stability under normal conditions is high, but decomposition may occur at temperatures above 150°C.
Main Applications
The largest application of butyl formate is in the coatings industry, where it acts as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, acrylics, and other resins. It reduces viscosity without compromising film quality, making it valuable for spray paints and wood finishes. Additionally, it is used in adhesive formulations to adjust drying speed. In niche sectors, it serves as a extraction solvent for fragrances and a synthetic flavoring agent (FDA-approved in limited quantities).
Safety and Storage
As a flammable liquid (flash point: 13°C), butyl formate requires storage in fireproof cabinets away from heat sources. Containers must be grounded to prevent static discharge. Ventilation is critical to avoid vapor accumulation exceeding occupational exposure limits (50 ppm TWA). Personal protective equipment (PPE) like nitrile gloves and vapor respirators is mandatory during handling. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste. Incompatible materials include strong acids and oxidizers.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific COAs (Certificates of Analysis) confirming purity ≥98%. Bulk purchases (drums or tankers) typically offer cost savings of 10–15% compared to retail packaging. Logistics must adhere to transport regulations for flammable liquids (e.g., UN No. 1128). For global sourcing, verify REACH/TPA compliance. Sample testing for residual alcohols or acids is recommended to ensure suitability for high-end applications like food-grade products.
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