Overview
Bromophenol Blue is a triphenylmethane derivative widely employed as a pH indicator and tracking dye in molecular biology and chemistry. Its distinct color transition between pH 3.0 (yellow) and 4.6 (blue) makes it invaluable for visual endpoint detection in titrations and electrophoresis. First synthesized in the early 20th century, it remains a staple in laboratories due to its stability and vivid chromatic properties. The compound is typically supplied as a crystalline powder with high purity grades (≥95%) for analytical applications. While non-toxic in small quantities, its handling requires standard laboratory precautions due to potential irritation upon prolonged exposure.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a sulfonated bromine compound, Bromophenol Blue exhibits moderate solubility in polar organic solvents like ethanol but limited solubility in water (0.4 g/L at 25°C). Its absorbance peak at 592 nm in alkaline solutions facilitates spectrophotometric analysis. The molecular structure features four bromine atoms contributing to its high molecular weight (669.96 g/mol) and distinctive color intensity. Thermal decomposition occurs around 270°C without a clear boiling point. The dye is photostable under normal laboratory lighting conditions but may degrade under prolonged UV exposure. Its pKa of 4.0 ensures reliable performance in weakly acidic environments, a critical feature for biological buffer systems.
Main Applications
In biochemistry, Bromophenol Blue serves as a tracking dye in agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, migrating at rates comparable to 300-500 bp DNA fragments. Its vivid color provides clear visualization of sample progression without interfering with downstream analysis like UV transillumination. Industrial uses include pH monitoring in wastewater treatment and as a colorant in non-food products. The compound is also employed in protein assays and histology staining. When combined with other indicators (e.g., Phenol Red), it extends pH detection ranges for specialized applications. Recent research explores its potential in smart materials that respond to environmental pH changes.
Safety and Storage
Classified as a Category 2 irritant under GHS, Bromophenol Blue requires gloves and eye protection during handling. While not classified as acutely toxic, prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis. Spills should be contained with absorbent materials and disposed of as chemical waste according to local regulations. Optimal storage involves amber glass bottles or opaque containers at room temperature (15-25°C) with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption. Shelf life typically exceeds 3 years when properly sealed. Laboratories should maintain inventory records to track usage and prevent unnecessary stockpiling.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification for consistent quality. Technical specifications must include: purity (≥95% for most applications), heavy metal content (<10 ppm), and residual solvent levels. Request batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA) for critical applications like diagnostics or pharmaceuticals. Bulk purchases (1kg+) often qualify for 10-20% discounts but require verification of shipping compliance (UN3077 for land transport). Consider Just-In-Time delivery for heat-sensitive regions to avoid summer degradation. Emerging markets in Asia offer competitive pricing but may require additional quality verification steps.
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