Overview
Bromophenol Blue (BPB) is a sulfonated triphenylmethane dye widely recognized as a pH indicator and tracking dye in biochemical and analytical applications. It transitions from yellow (acidic) to blue (basic) within a pH range of 3.0 to 4.6, making it valuable for visual endpoint detection in titrations. First synthesized in the early 20th century, BPB is now a staple in laboratories for electrophoresis, where it serves as a front-running dye due to its small molecular size and distinct color change. Its stability and low toxicity further enhance its utility in educational and research settings.
Physical and Chemical Properties
BPB appears as a dark pink to purple crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 669.96 g/mol. It decomposes near 280°C without a distinct boiling point. The compound is soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and methanol but has limited solubility in water unless alkalized. As a pH indicator, BPB exhibits a sharp color transition between pH 3.0 (yellow) and 4.6 (blue), attributed to structural changes in its sulfonephthalein group. This property is exploited in agarose gel electrophoresis, where it migrates ahead of DNA fragments, providing a visual reference for buffer front movement.
Main Applications
BPB’s primary use is as a tracking dye in DNA and protein electrophoresis, where it helps monitor migration progress. Its predictable mobility (similar to 300-500 bp DNA fragments) ensures consistent performance in gel analysis. In microbiology, BPB is incorporated into culture media as a pH indicator for metabolic studies. It also finds niche applications in histology for staining and in educational kits for acid-base titration experiments. Industrial uses include water testing and as a colorimetric reagent in chemical assays.
Safety and Storage
BPB is classified as a low-hazard substance but requires standard laboratory precautions. Avoid inhalation of dust and direct contact with skin or eyes. Use gloves and goggles when handling, and work in a well-ventilated area. Store BPB in tightly sealed containers at room temperature, protected from light and moisture to prevent degradation. Shelf life typically exceeds two years under proper conditions. Dispose of waste according to local regulations for halogenated organic compounds.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring BPB, prioritize suppliers that provide certificates of analysis (CoA) confirming purity (≥95%) and CAS number verification. Bulk purchases (100g+) may offer cost savings but require validation of storage stability. For electrophoresis applications, ensure the product is free from DNase/RNase contamination. Consider pre-made BPB loading buffers for convenience. Prices vary by purity and supplier; compare quotes from specialized chemical distributors for optimal terms.
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