Overview
Basic Magnesium Carbonate (BMC) is an inorganic compound with a variable composition, typically represented as 3MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O. It is synthesized through the reaction of magnesium salts with sodium carbonate under controlled conditions. The compound has been industrially produced since the early 20th century, primarily for its antacid and flame-retardant properties. As a non-toxic and eco-friendly material, BMC is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food and pharmaceutical applications. Its versatility stems from its high thermal stability (decomposition at ~350°C) and ability to act as a source of magnesium oxide upon heating.
Physical and Chemical Properties
BMC appears as a fine white powder with a bulk density of approximately 0.2–0.3 g/cm³. It is insoluble in water and ethanol but readily dissolves in dilute acids, releasing carbon dioxide. The material exhibits low abrasiveness and a pH of 9.5–10.5 in aqueous suspension. Key chemical properties include its buffering capacity and thermal decomposition behavior. When heated above 300°C, BMC decomposes to form magnesium oxide, water, and carbon dioxide. This property makes it valuable as a flame retardant, where it acts as both a heat sink and smoke suppressant.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, BMC is used as an antacid in chewable tablets and gastric remedies, owing to its ability to neutralize stomach acid. The food industry employs it as a drying agent, color retention additive, and anti-caking agent in powdered products like salt and sugar. Industrial applications dominate BMC consumption, particularly in rubber manufacturing (as a reinforcing filler), ceramics (as a raw material for magnesium oxide ceramics), and plastics (as a flame retardant). Specialty grades are used in cosmetics, paints, and as a precursor for high-purity magnesium oxide production.
Safety and Storage
While BMC is generally non-toxic, prolonged inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including dust masks and goggles should be used during handling. The material is not flammable or reactive under normal conditions. Storage requires protection from moisture to prevent caking. Bulk quantities should be kept in sealed containers or silos with desiccants. BMC is stable under normal temperatures but should be kept away from strong acids due to its effervescent reaction. Shelf life typically exceeds 2 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify parameters including purity (typically 98–99.5%), loss on drying (≤2%), and heavy metal content (≤10 ppm lead). Particle size distribution affects performance in rubber and pharmaceutical applications, with finer grades (D50 < 10μm) commanding premium prices. Procurement strategies should consider regional production hubs in China (major global supplier), Europe, and North America. Bulk shipments (25kg bags or 1-ton super sacks) offer cost advantages. Quality certifications like USP/NF, FCC, or REACH compliance may be required for specific applications. Seasonal price fluctuations occur due to magnesium raw material availability.
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