Overview
Barium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2. It is commonly available in two forms: the monohydrate (Ba(OH)2·H2O) and the octahydrate (Ba(OH)2·8H2O). High-purity barium hydroxide is widely used in industrial and laboratory settings due to its strong alkaline properties and reactivity with acids. This compound is produced by dissolving barium oxide (BaO) in water. It is highly soluble in water, forming a clear solution that absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, forming barium carbonate. This property makes it useful in various chemical processes where CO2 removal is required.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Barium hydroxide is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and highly hygroscopic. The octahydrate form melts at 78°C, while the anhydrous form decomposes at higher temperatures. It has a density of 2.18 g/cm³ and is highly soluble in water, with solubility increasing with temperature. Chemically, barium hydroxide is a strong base, reacting vigorously with acids to form barium salts and water. It also reacts with carbon dioxide to form barium carbonate, a reaction often used in analytical chemistry. Its alkaline nature makes it useful in neutralization reactions and pH adjustment in various industrial processes.
Main Applications
Barium hydroxide is primarily used in laboratories as a strong base for titrations and analytical chemistry. In the petroleum industry, it is used to remove sulfate ions from drilling fluids. The sugar industry utilizes it for refining beet sugar, where it helps in the removal of impurities. Other applications include the production of other barium compounds, such as barium stearate and barium titanate, which are used in lubricants and electronic components, respectively. It also finds use in organic synthesis as a catalyst or reagent in various reactions.
Safety and Storage
Barium hydroxide is toxic if ingested or inhaled and can cause severe skin and eye irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respirators, should be used when handling this chemical. In case of exposure, immediate washing with plenty of water is recommended. Storage should be in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from acids and moisture. Containers must be tightly sealed to prevent absorption of CO2 and moisture from the air. Spills should be neutralized with a weak acid, such as vinegar, and cleaned up promptly to prevent environmental contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring high-purity barium hydroxide, verify the purity level (typically 99% or higher for industrial applications). Check the packaging for moisture-proof seals to prevent degradation during storage and transport. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but ensure proper storage facilities are available. Reliable suppliers should provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) and certificates of analysis (CoA). Consider lead times and shipping conditions, as some suppliers may require special handling due to the chemical's hazardous nature. Price negotiations are possible for long-term contracts or large-volume orders.
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